White paper 01 · Annex D

Data tables

This annex gives, for every chart, map and diagram in the paper, the values it plots, with their units, status and sources. It makes every exhibit checkable and reproducible, and readable without the graphic. The values are those of the data files published with the web edition of this paper, one file per exhibit; derived values are rounded for display, and percentages may not add up exactly because of rounding. Source identifiers refer to Annex C; methods and assumptions for derived and illustrative values are in Annex A.

Reading: 12 min
Length: 2,735 words
Edition of: 10 October 2026

Executive summary

Table D.1 Data for Figure ES.1: Most of the value in a tonne of rebar is made before the rolling mill

Configuration of the chain	Share of the gross price build-up occurring in Cameroon, central case (%)	Range across three price cases (%)
Today: imported billets re-rolled in Douala	22.1	13.3 to 22.1
Melt shop on imported iron units (Phase 1)	28.5	28.5 to 36.2
Direct reduction on imported pellets	72.0	72.0 to 72.8
Full chain from Cameroonian DR-grade ore	100.0	100.0 to 100.0

Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative. Gross price spreads, before imported consumables and capital service; not value added. Inputs and yields as in the data for Figure 8.1; price cases as in Table 8.2.

Chapter 1: the value-chain gap

Table D.2 Data for Figure 1.1: Cameroon’s chain has its ends but not its middle

Step	Main output	Status in Cameroon, October 2026
Mine	ore, DSO	Projects starting; exports pending
Beneficiation	concentrate	Crushing at Mbalam; Lobé plant under way
Pelletising	pellets	None
Reduction	DRI, HBI	None
Melt shop	billets	One EAF, about 0.2 Mtpa, scrap-fed
Rolling	bars, rod, sections	About 1.2 Mtpa, about half used
Use	buildings, works	About 0.45 Mtpa apparent use

Source: [C06], [C27], [C38], [C40], [O24], [O35]. Status: sourced.

Table D.3 Data for Figure 1.2: The chain narrows to nothing at ironmaking

Step of the chain	Capacity or volume (Mtpa)	Label on the chart
Iron-ore mine capacity in development	64	64 Mtpa (9% of world pipeline)
Ironmaking (DRI or pig iron)	0	none
Electric-arc melting (largest disclosed unit)	0.2	about 0.2 Mtpa
Billet imports (2023)	0.161	0.16 Mt
Rolling and transformation installed	1.2	about 1.2 Mtpa
Apparent steel use	0.45	about 0.45 Mtpa

Source: [G18], [T13], [C27], [C06], [C38], [C40]. Status: sourced.

Chapter 2: ore endowment and grade

Table D.4 Data for Figure 2.1: Cameroon’s iron-ore deposits cluster in the south, between 30 km and about 600 km by planned rail from the deep-water port of Kribi

Place	Type	Longitude (° E)	Latitude (° N)
Douala	town	9.70	4.05
Edéa	town	10.13	3.80
Yaoundé	town	11.52	3.87
Ebolowa	town	11.15	2.90
Kribi	town	9.91	2.94
Campo	town	9.82	2.37
Mbalam (CMC)	iron-ore deposit or project	13.80	2.20
Nabeba (Congo)	iron-ore deposit or project	13.95	1.95
Kribi-Lobé	iron-ore deposit or project	10.02	2.78
Bipindi-Grand Zambi	iron-ore deposit or project	10.42	3.08
Ngovayang	iron-ore deposit or project	10.65	3.30
Nkout (Djoum)	iron-ore deposit or project	12.70	2.62
Ntem	iron-ore deposit or project	12.30	2.35

Source: [O05], [O32], [O37], [O42], [O44], [O49], [O01], [Z45], [E24]. Status: sourced. Approximate positions used to draw the schematic map; not survey coordinates.

Table D.5 Data for Figure 2.2: Cameroon has billions of tonnes of low-grade rock and one high-grade reserve

Deposit or product	Tonnage (Mt)	Grade (% Fe)	Basis
Mbalam-Nabeba DSO reserve (JORC)	517	62.2	code-compliant estimate
Mbalam-Nabeba hematite resource (JORC)	805.7	57.3	code-compliant estimate
Mbalam-Nabeba itabirite resource (JORC)	5,638	33.4	code-compliant estimate
Nkout indicated (NI 43-101)	1,600	33.3	code-compliant estimate
Nkout DSO	64.3	54.5	code-compliant estimate
Kribi-Lobé (company)	632.8	33.0	company or official statement
Bipindi-Grand Zambi (company)	150	29.45	company or official statement
Ntem (company)	98.8	35.3	company or official statement
Mbalam DR concentrate, testwork	n/a	68.0	concentrate grade (product)
Mbalam BF concentrate, testwork	n/a	66.6	concentrate grade (product)
Nkout gravity concentrate	n/a	65.0	concentrate grade (product)
Lobé concentrate, planned (minimum)	n/a	60.0	concentrate grade (product)
DR-grade pellet basis (1.5% SiO2, 0.5% Al2O3)	n/a	67.5	price-reporter basis

Source: [O05], [O04], [O42], [O32], [O35], [O38], [O44], [N16]. Status: sourced.

Table D.6 Data for Figure 2.3: Grade-to-route matrix

Feed	SiO2 + Al2O3	Seaborne export	Gas shaft DRI to EAF	DRI plus electric smelter	Blast furnace in Cameroon
Mbalam DSO, 62.2% Fe	7.3%	suited	not suited	possible	possible
Mbalam hematite, 57.3% Fe	n/a	possible	not suited	possible	possible
Lobé concentrate, >60% Fe	n/a	suited	not suited	possible	possible
Nkout gravity concentrate, 65% Fe	n/a	suited	possible	suited	possible
Mbalam BF concentrate, 66.6% Fe	3.8%	suited	possible	suited	possible
Mbalam DR concentrate, 68% Fe	2.0%	suited	suited	suited	possible
Imported DR pellets, 67.5% Fe	2.0%	not suited	suited	suited	not suited

Source: [O05], [O04], [O42], [O35], [N16], [N01], [T02]. Status: derived.

Chapter 3: consumption and imports

Table D.7 Data for Figure 3.1: Chapter 72 import tonnage rose 33% in 2025 while the average unit value fell to 413 FCFA/kg

Year	Chapter 72 imports (t)	Chapter 73 imports (t)	Chapter 72 unit value (FCFA/kg)
2019	182,890	72,253	509
2020	278,981	56,700	617
2021	297,633	58,717	733
2022	283,589	65,719	783
2023	304,062	74,040	614
2024	309,682	80,583	443
2025 (provisional)	412,049	84,008	413

Source: [C01], [C02], [C03], [C04], [C05]. Status: sourced.

Table D.8 Data for Figure 3.2 (left panel): Billets are half of the chapter 72 import bill, and four-fifths of them came from one country

Product (HS heading)	Chapter 72 imports, 2023 (US$ m)
Billets and semis (7207)	151.7
Flat products (7208 to 7210)	102.5
Sections (7216)	26.3
Other chapter 72	13.4
Wire rod (7213)	8.1
Wire (7217)	5.1
Rebar and bars (7214)	3.3
Total chapter 72	310.4

Source: [C06]. Status: sourced.

Table D.9 Data for Figure 3.2 (right panel): Billets are half of the chapter 72 import bill, and four-fifths of them came from one country

Origin	Billet imports, 2023 (kt)
Indonesia	125.5
Qatar	20.8
South Africa	9.8
UAE	3.0
Rep. of Congo	2.3

Source: [C06]. Status: sourced. UN Comtrade; Cameroon has not reported 2024 and 2025 data.

Chapter 4: lessons from other producers

Table D.10 Data for Figure 4.1: Gas-based ironmaking changed what North Africa imports

Indicator	2021	2025
Algeria: imports as a share of steel use (%)	35	16
Algeria: net steel trade (Mt; negative = deficit)	−1	+1
Egypt: semi-finished share of steel imports (%)	5	45

Source: [A03], [A04], [A07]. Status: sourced.

Table D.11 Data for Figure 4.2: Ore leaves, steel comes back

Region	Indicator	Value (Mt)
Brazil	Iron-ore exports, 2025	416.4
Brazil	Crude steel output, 2025	33.3
Africa	Iron-ore exports, 2024	88.3
Africa	Steel imports, 2025	32.9
Africa	Crude steel output, 2025	29.8
Africa	DRI output, 2025	16.3
Africa	DRI output, Sub-Saharan	0.09

Source: [N05], [N06], [G05], [T13]. Status: sourced.

Chapter 5: beneficiation policy

Table D.12 Data for Figure 5.1: From protecting rolling mills to requiring local transformation

Date	Milestone	Beneficiation or integration measure
May 2016	Rebar imports suspended by the Prime Minister’s office	no
2020	SND30 names mines, metallurgy and steel among nine priority industrial sub-sectors	no
May 2022	Kribi-Lobé mining convention: 15% of production for the local market	yes
Aug 2022	Mbalam exploitation permit granted to Cameroon Mining Company (CMC)	no
Apr 2023	Customs reaffirms the rebar import ban “until further notice”	no
Dec 2023	Mining Code, art. 40(4): conventions set a minimum 15% for local transformation	yes
Dec 2024	Foundation stone of the Kribi steel complex laid at Mboro	no
Jul 2025	Investment ordinance: 50% national natural-resource inputs among eligibility criteria	yes
Dec 2025	Prime Minister sets up a strategic committee on mines-metallurgy integration	yes
Jan 2026	CEEAC-CEMAC common external tariff applies; environmental tax on rebar	no
Feb 2026	2026 to 2030 iron-ore programme of 1,748 bn FCFA (Lobé, Mbalam, Grand Zambi)	no
Apr 2026	Committee review: steel capacity exceeds local demand; AfCFTA exports prepared	yes

Source: [C20], [P13], [O33], [Z69], [C21], [Z42], [X01], [Z39], [Z79], [P23], [P19], [O29], [Z80]. Status: sourced.

Table D.13 Data for Figure 5.2: The applied tariff does not escalate from iron-bearing inputs to semi-finished steel

HS line	Product	Step	Applied MFN duty (%)
2601.11	Iron ore	iron-bearing input	10
7203.10	DRI	iron-bearing input	10
7204.29	Ferrous scrap	iron-bearing input	10
7207.11	Billets	semi-finished	10
7213.91	Wire rod	finished product	5
7214.20	Rebar and bars	finished product	20
7216.10	Sections	finished product	10
7208.27	Hot-rolled coil	finished product	10
7210.49	Galvanised sheet	finished product	30

Source: [P24], [P23]. Status: sourced. 2023 schedule (WITS); the CEEAC-CEMAC tariff in force since 1 January 2026 had not published steel-line rates at the cut-off date.

Chapter 6: a phased chain

Table D.14 Data for Figure 6.1: One tonne of finished steel made entirely from DRI needs about 1.21 t of DRI

Material	Tonnes per tonne of finished long product
Itabirite run-of-mine ore	3.89
DR-grade concentrate	1.75
DR pellets	1.75
DRI / HBI (iron units)	1.21
Liquid steel	1.06
Billets	1.04
Finished long products	1.00

Source: [F01], [N01], [O04]. Status: derived.

Table D.15 Data for Figure 6.1 (assumptions): One tonne of finished steel made entirely from DRI needs about 1.21 t of DRI

Parameter	Value
Rolling yield (billet to finished product)	0.96
Caster yield (liquid steel to billet)	0.98
Metallic yield (charge to liquid steel)	0.88
DR pellets per tonne of DRI (t)	1.45
Mass yield, itabirite to concentrate	0.45

Source: [F01], [N01], [O04]. Status: derived. Assumptions behind the mass flow; ranges in Annex A.

Table D.16 Data for Figure 6.2 (left panel): Volume is there; grade and reduction capacity are not

RC-1 configuration	Metallics needed (Mtpa)
Phase 1	0.363
Phases 1 and 2	0.604
Phases 1 to 3	1.209
National scrap arising (2006 study)	0.053 to 0.062
RC-1.1 domestic scrap assumption (central; range 0 to 0.06)	0.030

Source: [F01], [C42]. Status: derived.

Table D.17 Data for Figure 6.2 (right panel): Volume is there; grade and reduction capacity are not

Item	Mtpa
Mbalam road phase (15% of up to 10 Mtpa)	1.50
Mbalam rail phase (15% of 25 Mtpa)	3.75
Lobé, 2028 plan (15% of 4 Mtpa)	0.60
DR pellets needed by a 1 Mtpa DRI module	1.45

Source: [O25], [Z42], [O33], [O35], [N01]. Status: derived. Mbalam and Lobé tonnages are direct-shipping ore or concentrate above 60% Fe, not DR grade.

Chapter 7: Kribi

Table D.18 Data for Figure 7.1: Kribi is where the inputs and outlets of a steel chain meet

Side	Item	Description
Input	Ore	Mbalam by road to 2029, by rail from 2030; Lobé next to port; Grand Zambi
Input	Gas	Sanaga Sud field offshore; LNG buyer left July 2026
Input	Power	225 kV line: 100 MW for the port platform, later 330 to 400
Input	Water	Port-platform water plant, production early 2027
Outlet	Sea	16 m quay draft; mineral terminal MoU, 125 Mtpa
Outlet	Road	Edéa-Kribi road (110 km) reconstruction tendered
Outlet	Rail	Edéa-Kribi-Lolabé-Campo line MoU, about 185 km
Outlet	Markets	Douala, Yaoundé; CEMAC; AfCFTA corridors

Source: [Z4], [Z5], [O25], [O35], [E09], [Z43], [Z44], [Z52], [Z46], [Z45], [Z80]. Status: sourced.

Table D.19 Data for Figure 7.2: Phase 1’s average load is about a third of the first 100 MW at Kribi, which serves the whole port platform

Load or supply milestone	Type	MW
RC-1 Phase 1	average load (planned / derived)	36.1
RC-1 Phases 1 and 2	average load (planned / derived)	52.7
RC-1 Phases 1 to 3	average load (planned / derived)	94.1
Phases 1 to 3 plus DRI module (range 115 to 130)	average load (planned / derived)	120.0
Kribi 225 kV substation, initial stage (whole port platform)	supply (sourced)	100
Kribi substation, later stage	supply (sourced)	330 to 400
Industrial demand unmet today	demand (sourced)	150

Source: [F01], [Z43], [Z44], [E16], [E15], [T09]. Status: planned / derived. Loads use the EAF planning value of 450 kWh/t; with 30% DRI in the charge (about 490 kWh/t) add about 1.5 MW in Phase 1 and 5 MW at full capacity (Annex A).

Table D.20 Data for Figure 7.3: A 1 Mtpa direct-reduction module would need about 8.4 to 9.1 bcf of gas a year

Use or need	bcf per year
National gas production (2025)	75.5
Sold as LNG feed until July 2026	71.6
Kribi power plant offtake (2025)	4.9
1 Mtpa DRI module (need; range 8.4 to 9.1)	8.75
RC-1 reheating, Phases 1 to 3	0.83

Source: [E04], [E09], [T09], [T10], [F01]. Status: sourced / derived.

Chapter 8: economics of value capture

Table D.21 Data for Figure 8.1: Ironmaking is the largest step

Step	US$ per tonne of rebar	Share of rebar value (%)
Ore (62% index)	175	28.0
Pelletising and direct reduction	272	43.5
Melting and casting	40	6.4
Rolling	138	22.1
Rebar (1 t)	625	100.0

Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative.

Table D.22 Data for Figure 8.1 (price inputs): Ironmaking is the largest step

Price input	US$ per tonne	Source
Iron ore, 62% Fe fines, CFR China, 2025 average	100.0	[G31]
HBI, delivered Italy and Türkiye, January 2026	370.0	[N03]
Billets, China FOB, 3 October 2026 (mid-point)	467.5	[G34]
Rebar, Türkiye FOB, October 2026 (mid-point)	625.0	[G34]

Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative. Tonnes of each material per tonne of rebar as in the data for Figure 6.1.

Table D.23 Data for Figure 8.2: Each tonne of DR-grade concentrate is worth about 3.6 times as much carried through to rebar as sold as ore

Depth of transformation	US$ per tonne of concentrate	Multiple of value as ore
Sold as ore (62% Fe index)	100.0	×1.0
As DRI or HBI	255.2	×2.6
As billets	278.0	×2.8
As rebar	356.9	×3.6

Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative. Pellet premium over the 62% index not included.

Chapter 9: risks

Table D.24 Data for Figure 9.1: Four risks sit in the high-likelihood, high-impact corner

Risk	Likelihood	Impact
R1 Rebar saturation	High	High
R2 Iron-unit shortage	High	High
R3 DR-grade feed	High	High
R4 Ore-project delays	High	Medium
R5 Gas reserves, price	Medium	High
R6 Firm power	High	High
R7 Import surges	Medium	High
R8 Price controls	Medium	Medium
R9 Market scale	High	Medium
R10 Regional rivals	Medium	Medium
R11 Financing, FX	Medium	High
R12 Capex overrun	Medium	High
R13 Bulk logistics	Medium	Medium
R14 Carbon rules	Medium	Medium
R15 Skills	Medium	Medium
R16 Governance	Medium	Medium

Source: Cameroon Steel. Status: derived. Analyst judgement; risk register in Table 9.1.

Table D.25 Data for Figure 9.2: Rebar is saturated at home and contested in the region

Item	kt per year
Cameroon rebar capacity	627
Cameroon rebar demand	180
Cameroon rebar exports (2025)	31
Gabon rebar imports (2023)	50.7
Congo rebar imports (2024)	32.8
New mill, Gabon (Nkok)	120
New mill, Abidjan	300
New mill, Tanzania	300

Source: [C30], [C05], [C07], [C39], [A21], [A22]. Status: sourced.

Chapter 10: recommendations

Table D.26 Data for Figure 10.1: The chain is built from the melt shop back towards the mine

Phase	Scope	Capacity	Note
Phase 1	EAF melt shop, ladle furnace, billet caster; bar and wire-rod mill	0.3 Mtpa	First heat H2 2030; imported iron units
Phase 2	Second melt line (EAF, ladle furnace, caster); light and medium sections mill	+0.2 Mtpa	2032 to 2034; cumulative 0.5 Mtpa
Phase 3	Melt-shop expansion; heavy-section and H-beam mill	+0.5 Mtpa	After 2034; design 1 Mtpa
DR module	Direct-reduction module fed with Cameroonian concentrate	about 1 Mtpa DRI	Later, subject to ore, gas and approvals

Source: [F01], [X04]. Status: planned / indicative.

Table D.27 Data for Figure 10.2: Sequence the chain to the ore, gas and power calendar

Lane	Item	Window
Government	Art. 40(4) offtake rules	Q1 2026 to Q4 2027
Government	Trade-remedy capacity	Q3 2026 to Q3 2028
Government	Long-term gas allocation	Q2 2027 to Q4 2029
Infrastructure	Grid line, water	Q1 2026 to Q3 2027
Infrastructure	Mineral terminal: MoU Nov 2025, 5 to 6 years	Q4 2025 to Q1 2032
Infrastructure	Edéa-Kribi-Campo railway	Q1 2028 to Q4 2032
Ore projects	Mbalam by road, up to 10 Mtpa	Q1 2026 to Q4 2029
Ore projects	Lobé ramp-up to 8 Mtpa	Q3 2027 to Q2 2031
Ore projects	Mbalam by rail, 25 Mtpa	from Q1 2030
Steel chain	Phase 1: works 2029, first heat H2 2030	Q1 2029 to Q4 2031
Steel chain	Phase 2: second melt line, sections mill	Q1 2032 to Q4 2034
Steel chain	Phase 3: melt-shop expansion, heavy sections	after 2034
Steel chain	DR module, later: ore, gas, approvals	later, subject to ore, gas and approvals

Source: [O25], [O35], [Z43], [Z44], [O31], [Z4], [Z45], [N02], [F01]. Status: illustrative. Dated items follow published plans; mineral terminal completion within five to six years of March 2026; steel-chain windows follow the RC-1.1 planning schedule (targets and indicative windows, not commitments).

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X01Kribi: le Premier ministre, chef du gouvernement est là. Cameroon Tribune, 30 Dec 2024.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68499/fr.html/details_2
Z39Ordonnance n° 2025/002 du 18 juillet 2025 fixant les incitations à l’investissement. Presidency (copy on GECAM), 18 Jul 2025.legecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ordonnance_n_2025_002_du_18_07_2…
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Z46Bilan et perspectives, Les voyants sont au vert. PAK, 13 Mar 2025.Cited by title and date
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C39Prometal obtient 26 milliards FCFA d’Afreximbank pour soutenir son expansion industrielle. EcoMatin, 30 Sep 2026.ecomatin.net/prometal-obtient-26-milliards-fcfa-dafreximbank-pour-sout…
A21GSM Tanzania selects Danieli for new rebar and wire-rod mill. Danieli, 14 Sep 2026.danieli.com/en/GSM-Tanzania-selects-Danieli-for-new-rebar-and-wirerod-…
A22B5Plus Group awards Danieli bar and wire-rod mill project. Danieli, 23 Sep 2026.danieli.com/en/B5Plus-Group-awards-Danieli-bar-and-wirerod-mill-projec…
X04Industrialisation: la voie royale de l’émergence. Cameroon Tribune, 2 Jan 2025.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68558/fr.html/details_2
O31CNPS, G-Stones join Kribi port mineral terminal project. Business in Cameroon, 7 Nov 2025.businessincameroon.com/mining/0711-15312-cnps-g-stones-join-kribi-port…
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Cite this chapter

Cameroon Steel (2026). From ore to steel: Cameroon’s missing link is ironmaking, not rolling. White paper 01, annex D: Data tables. CS-WP-01. https://www.cameroon-steel.com/en/library/ore-to-steel/annex-data-tables/