白皮书01 · 附录D · 英文原文
数据表
Data tables
本附录未收入中文摘要版，以下为英文原文。
This annex gives, for every chart, map and diagram in the paper, the values it plots, with their units, status and sources. It makes every exhibit checkable and reproducible, and readable without the graphic. The values are those of the data files published with the web edition of this paper, one file per exhibit; derived values are rounded for display, and percentages may not add up exactly because of rounding. Source identifiers refer to Annex C; methods and assumptions for derived and illustrative values are in Annex A.
Executive summary
Table D.1 Data for Figure ES.1: Most of the value in a tonne of rebar is made before the rolling mill
| Configuration of the chain | Share of the gross price build-up occurring in Cameroon, central case (%) | Range across three price cases (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Today: imported billets re-rolled in Douala | 22.1 | 13.3 to 22.1 |
| Melt shop on imported iron units (Phase 1) | 28.5 | 28.5 to 36.2 |
| Direct reduction on imported pellets | 72.0 | 72.0 to 72.8 |
| Full chain from Cameroonian DR-grade ore | 100.0 | 100.0 to 100.0 |
Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative. Gross price spreads, before imported consumables and capital service; not value added. Inputs and yields as in the data for Figure 8.1; price cases as in Table 8.2.
Chapter 1: the value-chain gap
Table D.2 Data for Figure 1.1: Cameroon’s chain has its ends but not its middle
| Step | Main output | Status in Cameroon, October 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Mine | ore, DSO | Projects starting; exports pending |
| Beneficiation | concentrate | Crushing at Mbalam; Lobé plant under way |
| Pelletising | pellets | None |
| Reduction | DRI, HBI | None |
| Melt shop | billets | One EAF, about 0.2 Mtpa, scrap-fed |
| Rolling | bars, rod, sections | About 1.2 Mtpa, about half used |
| Use | buildings, works | About 0.45 Mtpa apparent use |
Source: [C06], [C27], [C38], [C40], [O24], [O35]. Status: sourced.
Table D.3 Data for Figure 1.2: The chain narrows to nothing at ironmaking
| Step of the chain | Capacity or volume (Mtpa) | Label on the chart |
|---|---|---|
| Iron-ore mine capacity in development | 64 | 64 Mtpa (9% of world pipeline) |
| Ironmaking (DRI or pig iron) | 0 | none |
| Electric-arc melting (largest disclosed unit) | 0.2 | about 0.2 Mtpa |
| Billet imports (2023) | 0.161 | 0.16 Mt |
| Rolling and transformation installed | 1.2 | about 1.2 Mtpa |
| Apparent steel use | 0.45 | about 0.45 Mtpa |
Source: [G18], [T13], [C27], [C06], [C38], [C40]. Status: sourced.
Chapter 2: ore endowment and grade
Table D.4 Data for Figure 2.1: Cameroon’s iron-ore deposits cluster in the south, between 30 km and about 600 km by planned rail from the deep-water port of Kribi
| Place | Type | Longitude (° E) | Latitude (° N) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Douala | town | 9.70 | 4.05 |
| Edéa | town | 10.13 | 3.80 |
| Yaoundé | town | 11.52 | 3.87 |
| Ebolowa | town | 11.15 | 2.90 |
| Kribi | town | 9.91 | 2.94 |
| Campo | town | 9.82 | 2.37 |
| Mbalam (CMC) | iron-ore deposit or project | 13.80 | 2.20 |
| Nabeba (Congo) | iron-ore deposit or project | 13.95 | 1.95 |
| Kribi-Lobé | iron-ore deposit or project | 10.02 | 2.78 |
| Bipindi-Grand Zambi | iron-ore deposit or project | 10.42 | 3.08 |
| Ngovayang | iron-ore deposit or project | 10.65 | 3.30 |
| Nkout (Djoum) | iron-ore deposit or project | 12.70 | 2.62 |
| Ntem | iron-ore deposit or project | 12.30 | 2.35 |
Source: [O05], [O32], [O37], [O42], [O44], [O49], [O01], [Z45], [E24]. Status: sourced. Approximate positions used to draw the schematic map; not survey coordinates.
Table D.5 Data for Figure 2.2: Cameroon has billions of tonnes of low-grade rock and one high-grade reserve
| Deposit or product | Tonnage (Mt) | Grade (% Fe) | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mbalam-Nabeba DSO reserve (JORC) | 517 | 62.2 | code-compliant estimate |
| Mbalam-Nabeba hematite resource (JORC) | 805.7 | 57.3 | code-compliant estimate |
| Mbalam-Nabeba itabirite resource (JORC) | 5,638 | 33.4 | code-compliant estimate |
| Nkout indicated (NI 43-101) | 1,600 | 33.3 | code-compliant estimate |
| Nkout DSO | 64.3 | 54.5 | code-compliant estimate |
| Kribi-Lobé (company) | 632.8 | 33.0 | company or official statement |
| Bipindi-Grand Zambi (company) | 150 | 29.45 | company or official statement |
| Ntem (company) | 98.8 | 35.3 | company or official statement |
| Mbalam DR concentrate, testwork | n/a | 68.0 | concentrate grade (product) |
| Mbalam BF concentrate, testwork | n/a | 66.6 | concentrate grade (product) |
| Nkout gravity concentrate | n/a | 65.0 | concentrate grade (product) |
| Lobé concentrate, planned (minimum) | n/a | 60.0 | concentrate grade (product) |
| DR-grade pellet basis (1.5% SiO2, 0.5% Al2O3) | n/a | 67.5 | price-reporter basis |
Source: [O05], [O04], [O42], [O32], [O35], [O38], [O44], [N16]. Status: sourced.
Table D.6 Data for Figure 2.3: Grade-to-route matrix
| Feed | SiO2 + Al2O3 | Seaborne export | Gas shaft DRI to EAF | DRI plus electric smelter | Blast furnace in Cameroon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mbalam DSO, 62.2% Fe | 7.3% | suited | not suited | possible | possible |
| Mbalam hematite, 57.3% Fe | n/a | possible | not suited | possible | possible |
| Lobé concentrate, >60% Fe | n/a | suited | not suited | possible | possible |
| Nkout gravity concentrate, 65% Fe | n/a | suited | possible | suited | possible |
| Mbalam BF concentrate, 66.6% Fe | 3.8% | suited | possible | suited | possible |
| Mbalam DR concentrate, 68% Fe | 2.0% | suited | suited | suited | possible |
| Imported DR pellets, 67.5% Fe | 2.0% | not suited | suited | suited | not suited |
Source: [O05], [O04], [O42], [O35], [N16], [N01], [T02]. Status: derived.
Chapter 3: consumption and imports
Table D.7 Data for Figure 3.1: Chapter 72 import tonnage rose 33% in 2025 while the average unit value fell to 413 FCFA/kg
| Year | Chapter 72 imports (t) | Chapter 73 imports (t) | Chapter 72 unit value (FCFA/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 182,890 | 72,253 | 509 |
| 2020 | 278,981 | 56,700 | 617 |
| 2021 | 297,633 | 58,717 | 733 |
| 2022 | 283,589 | 65,719 | 783 |
| 2023 | 304,062 | 74,040 | 614 |
| 2024 | 309,682 | 80,583 | 443 |
| 2025 (provisional) | 412,049 | 84,008 | 413 |
Source: [C01], [C02], [C03], [C04], [C05]. Status: sourced.
Table D.8 Data for Figure 3.2 (left panel): Billets are half of the chapter 72 import bill, and four-fifths of them came from one country
| Product (HS heading) | Chapter 72 imports, 2023 (US$ m) |
|---|---|
| Billets and semis (7207) | 151.7 |
| Flat products (7208 to 7210) | 102.5 |
| Sections (7216) | 26.3 |
| Other chapter 72 | 13.4 |
| Wire rod (7213) | 8.1 |
| Wire (7217) | 5.1 |
| Rebar and bars (7214) | 3.3 |
| Total chapter 72 | 310.4 |
Source: [C06]. Status: sourced.
Table D.9 Data for Figure 3.2 (right panel): Billets are half of the chapter 72 import bill, and four-fifths of them came from one country
| Origin | Billet imports, 2023 (kt) |
|---|---|
| Indonesia | 125.5 |
| Qatar | 20.8 |
| South Africa | 9.8 |
| UAE | 3.0 |
| Rep. of Congo | 2.3 |
Source: [C06]. Status: sourced. UN Comtrade; Cameroon has not reported 2024 and 2025 data.
Chapter 4: lessons from other producers
Table D.10 Data for Figure 4.1: Gas-based ironmaking changed what North Africa imports
| Indicator | 2021 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Algeria: imports as a share of steel use (%) | 35 | 16 |
| Algeria: net steel trade (Mt; negative = deficit) | −1 | +1 |
| Egypt: semi-finished share of steel imports (%) | 5 | 45 |
Source: [A03], [A04], [A07]. Status: sourced.
Table D.11 Data for Figure 4.2: Ore leaves, steel comes back
| Region | Indicator | Value (Mt) |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Iron-ore exports, 2025 | 416.4 |
| Brazil | Crude steel output, 2025 | 33.3 |
| Africa | Iron-ore exports, 2024 | 88.3 |
| Africa | Steel imports, 2025 | 32.9 |
| Africa | Crude steel output, 2025 | 29.8 |
| Africa | DRI output, 2025 | 16.3 |
| Africa | DRI output, Sub-Saharan | 0.09 |
Source: [N05], [N06], [G05], [T13]. Status: sourced.
Chapter 5: beneficiation policy
Table D.12 Data for Figure 5.1: From protecting rolling mills to requiring local transformation
| Date | Milestone | Beneficiation or integration measure |
|---|---|---|
| May 2016 | Rebar imports suspended by the Prime Minister’s office | no |
| 2020 | SND30 names mines, metallurgy and steel among nine priority industrial sub-sectors | no |
| May 2022 | Kribi-Lobé mining convention: 15% of production for the local market | yes |
| Aug 2022 | Mbalam exploitation permit granted to Cameroon Mining Company (CMC) | no |
| Apr 2023 | Customs reaffirms the rebar import ban “until further notice” | no |
| Dec 2023 | Mining Code, art. 40(4): conventions set a minimum 15% for local transformation | yes |
| Dec 2024 | Foundation stone of the Kribi steel complex laid at Mboro | no |
| Jul 2025 | Investment ordinance: 50% national natural-resource inputs among eligibility criteria | yes |
| Dec 2025 | Prime Minister sets up a strategic committee on mines-metallurgy integration | yes |
| Jan 2026 | CEEAC-CEMAC common external tariff applies; environmental tax on rebar | no |
| Feb 2026 | 2026 to 2030 iron-ore programme of 1,748 bn FCFA (Lobé, Mbalam, Grand Zambi) | no |
| Apr 2026 | Committee review: steel capacity exceeds local demand; AfCFTA exports prepared | yes |
Source: [C20], [P13], [O33], [Z69], [C21], [Z42], [X01], [Z39], [Z79], [P23], [P19], [O29], [Z80]. Status: sourced.
Table D.13 Data for Figure 5.2: The applied tariff does not escalate from iron-bearing inputs to semi-finished steel
| HS line | Product | Step | Applied MFN duty (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2601.11 | Iron ore | iron-bearing input | 10 |
| 7203.10 | DRI | iron-bearing input | 10 |
| 7204.29 | Ferrous scrap | iron-bearing input | 10 |
| 7207.11 | Billets | semi-finished | 10 |
| 7213.91 | Wire rod | finished product | 5 |
| 7214.20 | Rebar and bars | finished product | 20 |
| 7216.10 | Sections | finished product | 10 |
| 7208.27 | Hot-rolled coil | finished product | 10 |
| 7210.49 | Galvanised sheet | finished product | 30 |
Source: [P24], [P23]. Status: sourced. 2023 schedule (WITS); the CEEAC-CEMAC tariff in force since 1 January 2026 had not published steel-line rates at the cut-off date.
Chapter 6: a phased chain
Table D.14 Data for Figure 6.1: One tonne of finished steel made entirely from DRI needs about 1.21 t of DRI
| Material | Tonnes per tonne of finished long product |
|---|---|
| Itabirite run-of-mine ore | 3.89 |
| DR-grade concentrate | 1.75 |
| DR pellets | 1.75 |
| DRI / HBI (iron units) | 1.21 |
| Liquid steel | 1.06 |
| Billets | 1.04 |
| Finished long products | 1.00 |
Source: [F01], [N01], [O04]. Status: derived.
Table D.15 Data for Figure 6.1 (assumptions): One tonne of finished steel made entirely from DRI needs about 1.21 t of DRI
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Rolling yield (billet to finished product) | 0.96 |
| Caster yield (liquid steel to billet) | 0.98 |
| Metallic yield (charge to liquid steel) | 0.88 |
| DR pellets per tonne of DRI (t) | 1.45 |
| Mass yield, itabirite to concentrate | 0.45 |
Source: [F01], [N01], [O04]. Status: derived. Assumptions behind the mass flow; ranges in Annex A.
Table D.16 Data for Figure 6.2 (left panel): Volume is there; grade and reduction capacity are not
| RC-1 configuration | Metallics needed (Mtpa) |
|---|---|
| Phase 1 | 0.363 |
| Phases 1 and 2 | 0.604 |
| Phases 1 to 3 | 1.209 |
| National scrap arising (2006 study) | 0.053 to 0.062 |
| RC-1.1 domestic scrap assumption (central; range 0 to 0.06) | 0.030 |
Source: [F01], [C42]. Status: derived.
Table D.17 Data for Figure 6.2 (right panel): Volume is there; grade and reduction capacity are not
| Item | Mtpa |
|---|---|
| Mbalam road phase (15% of up to 10 Mtpa) | 1.50 |
| Mbalam rail phase (15% of 25 Mtpa) | 3.75 |
| Lobé, 2028 plan (15% of 4 Mtpa) | 0.60 |
| DR pellets needed by a 1 Mtpa DRI module | 1.45 |
Source: [O25], [Z42], [O33], [O35], [N01]. Status: derived. Mbalam and Lobé tonnages are direct-shipping ore or concentrate above 60% Fe, not DR grade.
Chapter 7: Kribi
Table D.18 Data for Figure 7.1: Kribi is where the inputs and outlets of a steel chain meet
| Side | Item | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Input | Ore | Mbalam by road to 2029, by rail from 2030; Lobé next to port; Grand Zambi |
| Input | Gas | Sanaga Sud field offshore; LNG buyer left July 2026 |
| Input | Power | 225 kV line: 100 MW for the port platform, later 330 to 400 |
| Input | Water | Port-platform water plant, production early 2027 |
| Outlet | Sea | 16 m quay draft; mineral terminal MoU, 125 Mtpa |
| Outlet | Road | Edéa-Kribi road (110 km) reconstruction tendered |
| Outlet | Rail | Edéa-Kribi-Lolabé-Campo line MoU, about 185 km |
| Outlet | Markets | Douala, Yaoundé; CEMAC; AfCFTA corridors |
Source: [Z4], [Z5], [O25], [O35], [E09], [Z43], [Z44], [Z52], [Z46], [Z45], [Z80]. Status: sourced.
Table D.19 Data for Figure 7.2: Phase 1’s average load is about a third of the first 100 MW at Kribi, which serves the whole port platform
| Load or supply milestone | Type | MW |
|---|---|---|
| RC-1 Phase 1 | average load (planned / derived) | 36.1 |
| RC-1 Phases 1 and 2 | average load (planned / derived) | 52.7 |
| RC-1 Phases 1 to 3 | average load (planned / derived) | 94.1 |
| Phases 1 to 3 plus DRI module (range 115 to 130) | average load (planned / derived) | 120.0 |
| Kribi 225 kV substation, initial stage (whole port platform) | supply (sourced) | 100 |
| Kribi substation, later stage | supply (sourced) | 330 to 400 |
| Industrial demand unmet today | demand (sourced) | 150 |
Source: [F01], [Z43], [Z44], [E16], [E15], [T09]. Status: planned / derived. Loads use the EAF planning value of 450 kWh/t; with 30% DRI in the charge (about 490 kWh/t) add about 1.5 MW in Phase 1 and 5 MW at full capacity (Annex A).
Table D.20 Data for Figure 7.3: A 1 Mtpa direct-reduction module would need about 8.4 to 9.1 bcf of gas a year
| Use or need | bcf per year |
|---|---|
| National gas production (2025) | 75.5 |
| Sold as LNG feed until July 2026 | 71.6 |
| Kribi power plant offtake (2025) | 4.9 |
| 1 Mtpa DRI module (need; range 8.4 to 9.1) | 8.75 |
| RC-1 reheating, Phases 1 to 3 | 0.83 |
Source: [E04], [E09], [T09], [T10], [F01]. Status: sourced / derived.
Chapter 8: economics of value capture
Table D.21 Data for Figure 8.1: Ironmaking is the largest step
| Step | US$ per tonne of rebar | Share of rebar value (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Ore (62% index) | 175 | 28.0 |
| Pelletising and direct reduction | 272 | 43.5 |
| Melting and casting | 40 | 6.4 |
| Rolling | 138 | 22.1 |
| Rebar (1 t) | 625 | 100.0 |
Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative.
Table D.22 Data for Figure 8.1 (price inputs): Ironmaking is the largest step
| Price input | US$ per tonne | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Iron ore, 62% Fe fines, CFR China, 2025 average | 100.0 | [G31] |
| HBI, delivered Italy and Türkiye, January 2026 | 370.0 | [N03] |
| Billets, China FOB, 3 October 2026 (mid-point) | 467.5 | [G34] |
| Rebar, Türkiye FOB, October 2026 (mid-point) | 625.0 | [G34] |
Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative. Tonnes of each material per tonne of rebar as in the data for Figure 6.1.
Table D.23 Data for Figure 8.2: Each tonne of DR-grade concentrate is worth about 3.6 times as much carried through to rebar as sold as ore
| Depth of transformation | US$ per tonne of concentrate | Multiple of value as ore |
|---|---|---|
| Sold as ore (62% Fe index) | 100.0 | ×1.0 |
| As DRI or HBI | 255.2 | ×2.6 |
| As billets | 278.0 | ×2.8 |
| As rebar | 356.9 | ×3.6 |
Source: [G31], [N03], [G34], [F01], [N01]. Status: illustrative. Pellet premium over the 62% index not included.
Chapter 9: risks
Table D.24 Data for Figure 9.1: Four risks sit in the high-likelihood, high-impact corner
| Risk | Likelihood | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| R1 Rebar saturation | High | High |
| R2 Iron-unit shortage | High | High |
| R3 DR-grade feed | High | High |
| R4 Ore-project delays | High | Medium |
| R5 Gas reserves, price | Medium | High |
| R6 Firm power | High | High |
| R7 Import surges | Medium | High |
| R8 Price controls | Medium | Medium |
| R9 Market scale | High | Medium |
| R10 Regional rivals | Medium | Medium |
| R11 Financing, FX | Medium | High |
| R12 Capex overrun | Medium | High |
| R13 Bulk logistics | Medium | Medium |
| R14 Carbon rules | Medium | Medium |
| R15 Skills | Medium | Medium |
| R16 Governance | Medium | Medium |
Source: Cameroon Steel. Status: derived. Analyst judgement; risk register in Table 9.1.
Table D.25 Data for Figure 9.2: Rebar is saturated at home and contested in the region
| Item | kt per year |
|---|---|
| Cameroon rebar capacity | 627 |
| Cameroon rebar demand | 180 |
| Cameroon rebar exports (2025) | 31 |
| Gabon rebar imports (2023) | 50.7 |
| Congo rebar imports (2024) | 32.8 |
| New mill, Gabon (Nkok) | 120 |
| New mill, Abidjan | 300 |
| New mill, Tanzania | 300 |
Source: [C30], [C05], [C07], [C39], [A21], [A22]. Status: sourced.
Chapter 10: recommendations
Table D.26 Data for Figure 10.1: The chain is built from the melt shop back towards the mine
| Phase | Scope | Capacity | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | EAF melt shop, ladle furnace, billet caster; bar and wire-rod mill | 0.3 Mtpa | First heat H2 2030; imported iron units |
| Phase 2 | Second melt line (EAF, ladle furnace, caster); light and medium sections mill | +0.2 Mtpa | 2032 to 2034; cumulative 0.5 Mtpa |
| Phase 3 | Melt-shop expansion; heavy-section and H-beam mill | +0.5 Mtpa | After 2034; design 1 Mtpa |
| DR module | Direct-reduction module fed with Cameroonian concentrate | about 1 Mtpa DRI | Later, subject to ore, gas and approvals |
Source: [F01], [X04]. Status: planned / indicative.
Table D.27 Data for Figure 10.2: Sequence the chain to the ore, gas and power calendar
| Lane | Item | Window |
|---|---|---|
| Government | Art. 40(4) offtake rules | Q1 2026 to Q4 2027 |
| Government | Trade-remedy capacity | Q3 2026 to Q3 2028 |
| Government | Long-term gas allocation | Q2 2027 to Q4 2029 |
| Infrastructure | Grid line, water | Q1 2026 to Q3 2027 |
| Infrastructure | Mineral terminal: MoU Nov 2025, 5 to 6 years | Q4 2025 to Q1 2032 |
| Infrastructure | Edéa-Kribi-Campo railway | Q1 2028 to Q4 2032 |
| Ore projects | Mbalam by road, up to 10 Mtpa | Q1 2026 to Q4 2029 |
| Ore projects | Lobé ramp-up to 8 Mtpa | Q3 2027 to Q2 2031 |
| Ore projects | Mbalam by rail, 25 Mtpa | from Q1 2030 |
| Steel chain | Phase 1: works 2029, first heat H2 2030 | Q1 2029 to Q4 2031 |
| Steel chain | Phase 2: second melt line, sections mill | Q1 2032 to Q4 2034 |
| Steel chain | Phase 3: melt-shop expansion, heavy sections | after 2034 |
| Steel chain | DR module, later: ore, gas, approvals | later, subject to ore, gas and approvals |
Source: [O25], [O35], [Z43], [Z44], [O31], [Z4], [Z45], [N02], [F01]. Status: illustrative. Dated items follow published plans; mineral terminal completion within five to six years of March 2026; steel-chain windows follow the RC-1.1 planning schedule (targets and indicative windows, not commitments).
本章引用的资料来源
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引用本章
Cameroon Steel（2026）。从矿石到钢铁：喀麦隆缺失的环节是炼铁，而非轧钢（中文摘要版）。白皮书01，附录D：数据表。CS-WP-01。https://www.cameroon-steel.com/zh/library/ore-to-steel/annex-data-tables/
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