Sources
Where every figure comes from.
The site’s public bibliography: every source cited in the pages, the tools and the ten white papers, merged by document and grouped by type.
No source matches.
642sources
604with a public link
54cited by the site’s pages and tools
Derived Counted when the site was generated, from the data files and the white papers’ annexes. Two citations make one entry when they share an address, a publisher and a date, or the same legal text.
ARSEL (electricity regulator)Rapport d’activités 2025 de l’ARSEL
A figure of this site is read in it as published · 5 figures of this site rest on this source · Cited in 8 white papers
- Sourced ~90% Hydropower share of Cameroon’s electricity generation in 2025 according to ARSEL (about 72% in 2024 according to Ember, the year of the 226 gCO₂/kWh factor this site uses)
- Sourced 8,119.9 GWh Cameroon electricity generation (2025)
- and 3 more
One brick is one source. Each course is a kind of publisher; the joints part the years, oldest on the left. A warm brick carries a figure shown on this site.
The status vocabulary
Every figure on this site carries one of these five labels. Click a figure’s label to see its source.
- Sourced
- Read as published in a dated source: official statistics, a communiqué, a standard, a press article.
- Reported
- A dated figure or fact that rests on a single press report or on the party’s own figures: we cite it with its source, without having verified it.
- Derived
- Obtained by an explicit calculation from sourced data and stated assumptions (for example a ratio, a total or a balance of the RC-1 model). The method is stated.
- Assumption
- A planning value adopted by Cameroon Steel, always given with its range. It may change as engineering progresses.
- Illustrative
- A scenario, order of magnitude or diagram meant to explain: neither a measurement nor a forecast.
“Planned” and “indicative” mark a project objective, never an achieved result. Computer-generated images carry the label “Visualisation”.
Method
The RC-1 reference configuration
RC-1.1 · 10 October 2026
RC-1 is Cameroon Steel’s planning model of the phased electric steelworks planned at Kribi. It sets the capacity of each phase, then derives the balances of materials, energy, water, by-products and carbon, the logistics and the jobs from public benchmarks (IFC, the EU reference document, worldsteel, IPCC) and from its own planning assumptions; the table of parameters says, row by row, which is which. The white papers, the Labs tools and the site’s pages cite it as “Cameroon Steel reference configuration RC-1 (planning estimate)”.
Edition of 10 October 2026, revision RC-1.1. It is not a design: front-end engineering will set the equipment and replace these values. The tables below reproduce the model’s public export; it contains no land area, no equipment ratings and no investment amounts.
How to read the statuses
- Sourced
- A benchmark read in a dated public source, given alongside.
- Assumption
- A planning value adopted by Cameroon Steel, with its range.
- Derived
- A model result, calculated from sourced data and stated assumptions: capacities × benchmarks and assumptions. It moves when an assumption moves.
The three phases
| Phase | Products | Nameplate output (kt/yr of finished products) | Liquid steel (kt/yr) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1: bar and wire-rod works | Reinforcing bar Ø8 to 32 mm; wire rod Ø5.5 to 12 mm | 300 | 319 |
| Phase 2: sections | Angles, channels, flats | 200 | 213 |
| Phase 3: heavy sections, to 1 Mt/yr | H- and I-beams, heavy sections | 500 | 532 |
Assumption Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate)
Annual balance by configuration
| Item | Unit | Phase 1 | Phases 1 and 2 | All three phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finished products | kt | 300 | 500 | 1,000 |
| Liquid steel | kt | 319 | 532 | 1,064 |
| Metallic charge | kt | 363 | 604 | 1,209 |
| of which imported DRI/HBI | kt | 109 | 181 | 363 |
| of which scrap | kt | 254 | 423 | 846 |
| Electricity | GWh | 289 | 422 | 753 |
| Average power demand | MW | 36 | 53 | 94 |
| Natural gas (reheating) | TJ | 0 | 260 | 910 |
| Make-up water | thousand m³ | 600 | 1,000 | 2,000 |
| Slag | kt | 45 | 74 | 149 |
| Furnace dust | kt | 5 | 8 | 16 |
| Mill scale | kt | 6 | 10 | 20 |
| Direct emissions (Scope 1) | kt CO₂ | 32 | 68 | 157 |
| Electricity emissions (Scope 2) | kt CO₂ | 65 | 95 | 170 |
| Intensity, Scopes 1 and 2 | t CO₂/t | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| Intensity including upstream imported DRI | t CO₂/t | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 |
Derived Derived by the RC-1 model: capacities × the benchmarks and assumptions below. Gas appears only with the reheating furnaces of Phases 2 and 3; Phase 1 reheats by induction.
The model’s benchmarks and assumptions
| Parameter | Value | Range | Unit | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arc-furnace electricity | 450 | 347 – 500 | kWh/t liquid steel | Sourced | IFC, EHS Guidelines for Integrated Steel Mills (2007): 1,250 to 1,800 MJ/t, i.e. 347 to 500 kWh/t |
| Rolling electricity | 110 | 70 – 140 | kWh/t product | Sourced | IFC, EHS Guidelines (2007): rolling 70 to 140 kWh/t |
| Induction reheating (Phase 1) | 300 | 150 – 400 | kWh/t billet | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Auxiliaries (ladle furnace, caster, oxygen, water, compressed air, lighting) | 70 | 50 – 100 | kWh/t liquid steel | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Gas reheating (Phases 2 and 3) | 1.3 | 1.1 – 1.6 | GJ/t product | Assumption | Gas-fired walking-beam reheating; RC-1 planning estimate |
| Make-up water (closed loops) | 2 | 1.5 – 3 | m³/t product | Assumption | Closed-loop target; worldsteel 2024 sector average: consumption 2.3 m³/t, withdrawal 8.5 m³/t |
| Oxygen | 35 | 25 – 45 | Nm³/t liquid steel | Assumption | Usual arc-furnace practice; RC-1 planning estimate |
| Arc-furnace slag | 140 | 110 – 180 | kg/t liquid steel | Sourced | IFC, EHS Guidelines (2007), Table 4: arc-furnace solid waste 110 to 180 kg/t, mostly slag |
| Furnace dust (hazardous waste) | 15 | 10 – 20 | kg/t liquid steel | Assumption | Planning assumption within the 10 to 30 kg/t of the EU reference document for iron and steel production (JRC, 2013) |
| Mill scale | 20 | 15 – 25 | kg/t product | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Metallic yield (liquid steel per tonne of charge) | 0.88 | 0.85 – 0.91 | t/t | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Casting and rolling yield | 0.94 | 0.92 – 0.96 | t/t | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Imported DRI/HBI share of the charge (balance: scrap) | 30% | 20% – 50% | share | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Domestic scrap available to the project | 30,000 | 0 – 60,000 | t/yr | Assumption | Assumption bounded by the only quantified study of national scrap arising: 53,000 to 61,833 t/yr in 2006 (Bidoung et al., Déchets no. 48, 2007), most of which already feeds existing mills |
| Cameroon grid emission factor | 226 | 200 – 300 | g CO₂/kWh | Sourced | Ember via Our World in Data, 2024 (hydro ≈72% that year; ARSEL reports ≈90% for 2025: the more prudent 2024 factor is kept) |
| Natural-gas emission factor | 0.0561 | — | t CO₂/GJ | Sourced | IPCC 2006 default |
| Arc-furnace direct emissions (electrodes, carbon, lime, oxy-fuel) | 0.1 | 0.06 – 0.15 | t CO₂/t liquid steel | Assumption | Cameroon Steel, RC-1 reference configuration (planning estimate) |
| Upstream emissions of imported DRI/HBI (gas-based) | 0.7 | 0.5 – 0.9 | t CO₂/t DRI | Assumption | Gas-based shaft-furnace direct reduction; RC-1 planning estimate |
| Gas for a direct-reduction unit (later option) | 10 | 9.5 – 11 | GJ/t DRI | Assumption | Gas-based shaft-furnace direct reduction; RC-1 planning estimate |
| World average, blast furnace route | 2.34 | — | t CO₂/t crude steel | Sourced | worldsteel Sustainability Indicators 2025 (2024 data) |
| World average, DRI + electric furnace | 1.47 | — | t CO₂/t crude steel | Sourced | worldsteel Sustainability Indicators 2025 (2024 data) |
| World average, scrap + electric furnace | 0.69 | — | t CO₂/t crude steel | Sourced | worldsteel Sustainability Indicators 2025 (2024 data) |
| World average, all routes | 1.92 | — | t CO₂/t crude steel | Sourced | worldsteel Sustainability Indicators 2025 (2024 data) |
| CBAM certificate price, Q3 2026 | 82.32 | — | €/t CO₂ | Sourced | European Commission, CBAM certificate price for Q3 2026 (published 5 October 2026) |
Logistics
| Configuration | Port arrivals (kt/yr) | Shipments (kt/yr) | Trucks per day |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | 351 | 300 | 74 |
| Phases 1 and 2 | 604 | 500 | 123 |
| All three phases | 1,239 | 1,000 | 245 |
Derived Arrivals: imported metallic charge (DRI/HBI and scrap above domestic supply) plus about 6% consumables. 30 t trucks, 300 days a year, all by road before a rail siding.
Jobs
| Item | Central value | Range | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct jobs, Phase 1 | 500 | 450 – 550 | Assumption | RC-1 planning estimate |
| Indirect jobs, Phase 1 | 1,000 | 800 – 1,500 | Assumption | RC-1 planning estimate |
| Direct jobs at 1 Mt/yr | 1,100 | 900 – 1,300 | Assumption | Scaled from Phase 1; productivity improves with scale |
| Construction peak, Phase 1 (workers) | 800 | 600 – 1,000 | Assumption | Mini-mill construction benchmarks |
| Share of Cameroonians in operations, year 5 | 90% | 85% – 95% | Assumption | Target |
The bibliography
642 sources
No source matches.
Public authorities and official texts 113
AECOM and Sogreah (European Investment Bank register)Nachtigal Hydropower Project, ESIA update, legal and institutional chapter (Décret n° 2003/418/PM crop rates; building valuation)
Date: Sep 2011eib.org/attachments/registers/86536111.pdf
Cited inWP07 · L09
Agence des Normes et de la Qualité (ANOR)Informations sur le PECAE (cadre légal, procédure, routes, frais, partenaires, questions fréquentes)
accessed 10 Oct 2026anor.cm/projet-pecae/informations
Cited inWP10 · S15
AGL (press release)KPIZ officially launched: a new economic hub for Cameroon and CEMAC
Date: n.d. (Feb-Mar 2026)aglgroup.com/en/News/lancement-KPIZ
Cited inWP01 · Z12WP02 · S06
ANORCommuniqué portant modification de la procédure d’initiation du PECAE
Date: 6 Oct 2026anor.cm/articles/communique-portant-modification-de-la-procedur…
Cited inWP10 · S17
ANOREnquêtes publiques: draft Cameroonian standards under public enquiry
accessed 10 Oct 2026anor.cm/enquetes-publiques
Cited inWP10 · S75
ANORHome page, communiqués and online reporting service (Dénonciation)
accessed 10 Oct 2026anor.cm
Cited inWP10 · S74
ANORL’ANOR et les laboratoires camerounais renforcent leur collaboration: une plateforme d’échanges et de conformité voit le jour
Date: 17 Sep 2024anor.cm/articles/lanor-et-les-laboratoires-camerounais-renforce…
Cited inWP10 · S18
ANORNos missions
accessed 10 Oct 2026anor.cm/articles/nos-missions
Cited inWP10 · S16
ARMPAgence de Régulation des Marchés Publics, website (references to Decree No. 2018/366 of 20 June 2018 on the public procurement code)
accessed 10 Oct 2026armp.cm
Cited inWP10 · S54
ARMPAMI n°013/AMI/PAK/2026 (Port Workers’ City / KPCiZ)
Date: 30 Jan 2026armp.cm/details?type_publication=AMI&id_publication=6073
Cited inWP01 · Z29WP02 · S17WP07 · K25
ARSELDécision fixant le montant de la RMA ENEO au titre de l’exercice 2025 (réajustée)
Date: 19 Dec 2025arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Decision-fixant-le-Mont…
Cited inWP01 · E17WP02 · S62WP03 · S93WP04 · S155WP05 · S04WP06 · S54WP09 · E17
ARSELDécision N°0000018D (prévisionnelle 2025)
Date: 17 Jan 2025arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025_decision_n0000018d…
Cited inWP05 · S63
ARSELDécision N°00000427 fixant les tarifs de vente HT d’électricité des clients MT et seuils minima de négociation "Grands Comptes"
Date: 12 Dec 2022arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2022_decision_n_0000042…
Cited inWP05 · S54
ARSELDécision portant compensation tarifaire ENEO au titre de l’exercice 2024
Date: 27 Dec 2024arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2024-Decsision-Tarifair…
Cited inWP06 · S103
ARSELRegulatory texts listed on the regulator’s website: orders on the connection code and the market code (files could not be opened on the access date)
accessed 10 Oct 2026arsel-cm.org
Cited inWP05 · S71
ARSELTableaux tarifaires, Décision ARSEL N°00000427 (MT 2023-2025)
Date: uploaded Jan 2026arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/TABLEAUX-TARIFAIRES-dec…
Cited inWP01 · E37WP02 · S63WP03 · S92WP04 · S154WP05 · S03WP09 · E37
ARSELTarif de transport et du gestionnaire du réseau de transport (Décision 0000017D)
Date: 17 January 2025arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/TARIF-TRANSPORT-ET-GRT-…
Cited inWP02 · S119WP05 · S53WP09 · E38
ARSEL (electricity regulator)Rapport d’activités 2025 de l’ARSEL
Date: 7 Sep 2026arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Rapport-ARSEL-2025.pdf
Cited inSiteWP01 · E15WP02 · S60WP03 · S51WP04 · S93WP05 · S01WP06 · S50WP07 · T10WP09 · E15
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~90% Hydropower share of Cameroon’s electricity generation in 2025 according to ARSEL (about 72% in 2024 according to Ember, the year of the 226 gCO₂/kWh factor this site uses)
- Sourced 8,119.9 GWh Cameroon electricity generation (2025)
- Sourced 1,278 MW National peak demand (2025)
and 2 more
- Sourced 90% Hydropower share of generation (2025)
- Illustrative 85 g CO₂/kWh Sensitivity: Cameroon grid at the 2025 mix
Autorité Portuaire Nationale (APN)Cérémonie officielle de lancement de Kribi Port Industrial Zone
Date: 3 March 2026apn.cm/en/2026/03/03/ceremonie-officielle-de-lancement-de-kribi…
Cited inWP02 · S08
BougnaÀ Kribi, Patrice Melom, DG du PAK, conduit une tournée d’inspection de trois jours dans les chantiers relevant du domaine portuaire
Date: 8 April 2026bougna.net/2026/04/08/contact/a-kribi-patrice-melom-dg-du-pak-c…
Cited inSiteWP02 · S38
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Reported 7–9 Apr 2026 The complex is reported on the port’s inspection tour
Bureau Central des Recensements et des Études de Population (BUCREP); copy published by the Institut National de la StatistiqueRépertoire actualisé des villages du Cameroun, 3e Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat (2005), volume IV, tome 07 (arrondissements of Kribi I and Kribi II)
Date: Census of 2005 (report n.d.)ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Repertoire_actualise…
Cited inWP07 · H02WP08 · S62
Business in CameroonCameroon completes buyback of Eneo in a CFA78 billion deal with Actis
Date: c. 20 Feb 2026businessincameroon.com/energy/2002-15795-cameroon-completes-buy…
Cited inWP05 · S28
Business in CameroonCameroon moves forward on 500MW Kikot-Mbebe dam with land transfer decree
Date: 22 May 2025businessincameroon.com/public-management/2205-14683-cameroon-mo…
Cited inWP05 · S67
Business in CameroonCameroon’s SNH eyes Yoyo-Yolanda and new exploration blocks to sustain gas growth
Date: 6 Jul 2026businessincameroon.com/energy/0607-16422-cameroon-s-snh-eyes-yo…
Cited inWP01 · E02WP02 · S69WP03 · S35WP05 · S17WP06 · S85WP09 · E02
Business in CameroonEneo seeks CFAF54bln to secure future for vital Songloulou dam
Date: 15 May 2025businessincameroon.com/public-management/1505-14658-eneo-seeks-…
Cited inWP05 · S58
Business in CameroonEnergy: MINEE announces works to boost the production of Memvé’élé hydroelectric power station (211 MW)
Date: 3 Jul 2020businessincameroon.com/energy/0307-10497-energy-minee-announces…
Cited inWP05 · S62
Business in CameroonGovernment, EDF push to deliver hydro promises as Cameroon moves to diversify energy sources
Date: 4 Dec 2025businessincameroon.com/energy/0412-15443-government-edf-push-to…
Cited inWP04 · S95WP05 · S68
Business in CameroonIndian Jindal Steel & Power seeks tax and customs incentives for Ngovayang
Date: 30 Apr 2019businessincameroon.com/mining/3004-9084-cameroon-indian-jindal-…
Cited inWP01 · O50
Business in CameroonKribi KPIZ seen lifting Cameroon’s growth by 5 to 8 points, adding 150,000 jobs
Date: 3 March 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/0303-15837-kribi-kpiz-…
Cited inWP02 · S05
Cameroun24Fer à béton: le gouvernement ferme la porte à toute révision de la norme et recadre la filière sidérurgique
Date: Jan 2026cameroun24.net/article/72504-fer-a-beton-le-gouvernement-ferme-…
Cited inWP10 · S08
Deloitte Société d’AvocatsCameroun: les principales innovations de la loi de finances pour 2026
Date: 24 Mar 2026blog.avocats.deloitte.fr/cameroun-les-principales-innovations-d…
Cited inWP01 · P11WP04 · S136WP09 · P11
Droit Médias FinanceL’API lance la sensibilisation autour de l’ordonnance de 2025…
Date: 13 May 2026droitmediasfinance.com/index.php/actualites/droit-ohada-affaire…
Cited inWP01 · Z40WP08 · S37
ECMWF; Open-MeteoERA5 hourly reanalysis (precipitation, wind, temperature), accessed through the Open-Meteo historical weather API
accessed 10 Oct 2026open-meteo.com/en/docs/historical-weather-api
Cited inWP07 · E04
EcoMatinCameroun: le gouvernement rejette une demande de révision de la norme du fer à béton
Date: 5 Feb 2026ecomatin.net/cameroun-le-gouvernement-rejette-une-demande-de-re…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C35WP03 · S27WP04 · S110WP08 · S68WP09 · C35WP10 · S06
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced NC 236 Cameroon’s mandatory rebar standard (NC 236/2024/06); a request to revise it was refused in January 2026
EcoMatinInterview: « Lorsque l’industrie minière atteindra le niveau que nous visons… », Fuh Calistus Gentry, Minister of Mines
Date: 9 Oct 2024ecomatin.net/cameroun-lorsque-lindustrie-miniere-atteindra-le-n…
Cited inWP01 · O55
EnerdataCameroon renationalises power company Eneo, renames it Socadel
Date: 11 May 2026enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/cameroon-renational…
Cited inWP05 · S51
Government of India, Ministry of SteelNational Steel Policy (NSP) 2017
Date: May 2017steel.gov.in/node/84
Cited inWP01 · N10
HMRC / GOV.UKCheck if you’ll need to register for CBAM; Prepare for CBAM
Date: upd. Jul-Sep 2026gov.uk/government/collections/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism
IFLR (Orrick Herrington & Sutcliffe; ENEO)Reforming Cameroon’s power sector (on Law No. 2011/022 of 14 December 2011)
Date: 3 Jun 2016iflr.com/article/2gjw2n5ocpr2orkj9qxcr/iflr1000/reforming-camer…
Cited inWP05 · S52
INS CamerounCommerce extérieur du Cameroun en 2020
Date: Jul 2021ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-Commerce-exteri…
INS CamerounCommerce extérieur du Cameroun en 2023
Date: Apr 2024ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-sur-le-Commerce…
INS CamerounÉvolution du commerce extérieur en 2024
Date: Aug 2025ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Commext_2024_FR_Edit…
Cited inWP01 · C04WP04 · S107WP09 · C04
INS CamerounÉvolution du commerce extérieur en 2025 (version provisoire)
Date: Feb 2026 (posted 1 Apr 2026)ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Note-sur-le-commerce…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C05WP02 · S93WP03 · S68WP04 · S07WP09 · C05WP10 · S76
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 412,049 t Cameroon imports of iron and steel (HS chapter 72) in 2025
- Sourced 170.1 bn FCFA Value of those imports in 2025
- Sourced 182,890 t Chapter 72 imports in 2019, against 412,049 t in 2025 (+125%)
and 2 more
- Sourced 31,033 t Bars exported by Cameroon in 2025 (HS 7214), mostly to Chad
- Derived 482 FCFA/kg Average unit value of all steel imports (chapter 72), used for sections and flat products
INS CamerounLes Comptes Nationaux de 2025
Date: Aug 2026 (posted 2 Sep 2026)ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Comptes_Nationaux_20…
Cited inWP01 · C09WP04 · S16WP09 · C09
INS CamerounNote sur le commerce extérieur 2022
Date: Dec 2023 (rev. 13 Feb 2024)ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-sur-le-Commerce…
INS, CameroonEESI3 Phase 1: Employment Survey, main report (key indicators page)
Date: 1 Nov 2023ins-cameroun.cm/en/?p=17601
Cited inWP08 · S13
Institut national de la statistique (INS), CameroonTroisième enquête sur l’emploi et le secteur informel (EESI3), phase 1: enquête emploi, rapport principal (2021 data; Tables 2.9, 3.7, 3.24 and 4.1 are cited)
Date: Nov 2023 (file of Jul 2025)ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/EESI3_Rapport-princi…
Cited inWP08 · S12
Institut National de la Statistique and ICF (DHS Program)Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Cameroun 2018 (EDSC-V), final report FR360
Date: 2020dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR360/FR360.pdf
Cited inWP02 · S158WP07 · H01WP08 · S61
Investir au CamerounPort de Kribi: AGL, Arise IIP et Belmont s’allient au PAK pour une zone industrielle de 521 milliards FCFA sur 4 000 ha
Date: 20 Feb 2026investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/2002-23123-port-de-krib…
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z5WP02 · S04
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~4,000 ha Kribi industrial-port zone, developed by KPIZ S.A. (launched on 26 February 2026)
Investir au CamerounZone industrialo-portuaire de Kribi (KPIZ): jusqu’à +8 points de croissance et 150 000 emplois…
Date: 4 Mar 2026investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/0403-23163-zone-industr…
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z4WP02 · S03WP03 · S38WP04 · S91WP05 · S23WP05 · S81WP06 · S74WP07 · K02WP08 · S38WP09 · W31
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~4,000 ha Kribi industrial-port zone, developed by KPIZ S.A. (launched on 26 February 2026)
- Verified 26 Feb 2026 KPIZ S.A. is launched, with a steel cluster
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryFitzgerald P., Therkelsen P. L., Sheaffer P., Rao P., Deeper and persistent energy savings and carbon dioxide reductions achieved through ISO 50001 in the manufacturing sector, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
Date: 2023eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/deeper-and-persistent-ene…
Cited inWP03 · S31
MDPI (via PubMed Central PMC8467660)Šmak M., Kubíček J., Kala J., Podaný K., Vaněrek J., The influence of hot-dip galvanizing on the mechanical properties of high-strength steels, Materials 14(18):5219, doi:10.3390/ma14185219
Date: 2021pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8467660/
Cited inWP03 · S98
MINEPArrêté n° 00004/MINEP fixant les conditions d’agrément des bureaux d’études
Date: 3 Jul 2007minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Arrêté-n°00004-MINEP…
Cited inWP07 · L11
MINEPArrêté n° 0010/MINEP portant organisation et fonctionnement des comités départementaux de suivi de la mise en œuvre des PGES
Date: 3 Apr 2013minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Arrêté-n°0010-MINEP-…
Cited inWP07 · L12
MINEPDEDManuel de procédure générale des études d’impact et audits environnementaux
minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Manuel-de-procédure-…
Cited inWP07 · L10
MINFIBudget 2026-8 816,4 milliards FCFA…
Date: 26 Nov 2025minfi.gov.cm/budget-2026-8-8164-milliards-fcfa-pour-consolider-…
MINFI, Direction Générale des DouanesInnovations douanières de la Loi de Finances 2025
Date: Jan 2025minfi.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/EXPOSE_DGD_LF_2025.pdf
Ministry of Finance, Directorate General of the Budget (DGB)Projet de loi portant loi de finances de la République du Cameroun pour l’exercice 2026, article 23 (articles 228 septies to 228 decies of the General Tax Code: environmental tax on cement, fer à béton, tiles and ceramics; rate per tonne of iron)
Date: 26 Nov 2025 (bill as tabled; final wording to be checked against the Official Gazette)dgb.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/PROJET-DE-LOI-FINANCES-2026_F…
Cited inWP10 · S89
Ministry of Steel, Government of IndiaPolicy for providing preference to domestically manufactured iron and steel products in government procurement (DMI&SP)
Date: 8 May 2017; revised 29 May 2019 and 31 Dec 2020steel.gov.in/node/45
Cited inWP09 · W17
Ministry of Trade and Industry, SingaporeSpeech by Mr Lim Hng Kiang at the Jurong Island reclamation completion ceremony
Date: 25 September 2009mti.gov.sg/newsroom/mr-lim-hng-kiang-at-the-jurong-island-recla…
Cited inWP02 · S125
MINMAPMinistry of Public Contracts, website (standard bidding documents, DAO-types)
accessed 10 Oct 2026minmap.cm
Cited inWP10 · S81
National Library Board, SingaporeJurong reclamation (Infopedia article)
Date: 2010eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1076_2010-05-14.ht…
Cited inWP02 · S126
Offshore EngineerPerenco, SNH to increase utilization of Golar’s Hilli Episeyo FLNG
Date: Jul 2021oedigital.com/news/489311-perenco-snh-to-increase-utilization-o…
Cited inWP05 · S89
PAKBilan et perspectives, Les voyants sont au vert
Date: 13 Mar 2025Cited by title and date
PAKChemin de fer Mbalam-Kribi et terminal minéralier: un tournant pour l’intégration régionale
Date: 25 Feb 2022Cited by title and date
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z53WP02 · S34WP07 · K21
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~510 km Proposed Mbalam–Kribi railway (PPP contract signed in 2022), not built
PAKÉnergie et infrastructures: un nouvel élan pour la compétitivité du Port de Kribi
Date: 19 Aug 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z44WP02 · S26WP03 · S34WP05 · S15WP06 · S56WP07 · K12
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 100 → 400 MW Kribi 225 kV line and substation capacity: 100 MW initially, 330 to 400 MW later
- Verified 19 Aug 2026 Minister visits the 225/30 kV substation
- Planned End 2026 Announced commissioning of the 225 kV line
PAKGrand Zambi: le fer de Bipindi au service de l’essor du Port de Kribi
Date: 17 Jan 2025Cited by title and date
Cited inWP01 · Z74WP02 · S42
PAKKribi franchit la ligne électrique 225 kV
Date: 6 Aug 2025Cited by title and date
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z43WP02 · S25WP03 · S25WP05 · S14WP06 · S55WP09 · Z43
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 100 → 400 MW Kribi 225 kV line and substation capacity: 100 MW initially, 330 to 400 MW later
- Verified 6 Aug 2025 Kribi 225 kV line launched
- Planned End 2026 Announced commissioning of the 225 kV line
PAKLa ZIPK rayonne avec l’inauguration de la cimenterie CIMPOR!
Date: 19 Jul 2024Cited by title and date
Cited inWP01 · Z54WP02 · S35WP07 · K10
PAKLigne ferroviaire Édéa-Kribi-Lolabé-Campo: une nouvelle étape…
Date: 4 Jun 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z45WP02 · S41WP04 · S88WP07 · K20
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~185 km Édéa–Kribi–Lolabé–Campo railway: memorandum signed on 4 June 2026 (studies, financing, construction)
- Verified 4 Jun 2026 Memorandum for the Édéa–Kribi–Lolabé–Campo railway
PAK (PDF)Guide du Port de Kribi
Date: Aug 2020Cited by title and date
Port Autonome de KribiAfrica CEO Forum 2026: PAK and KPIZ showcase Kribi’s industrial vision
Date: 15 May 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S13
Port Autonome de KribiBulletin d’information du PAK n° 264
Date: Feb 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP05 · S78
Port Autonome de KribiCoopération financière: la BAD soutient le développement du Port de Kribi
Date: 13 September 2024Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S48
Port Autonome de KribiGuide du Port de Kribi
Date: August 2020Cited by title and date
Cited inSite
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 16 m Depth at the quay of the Kribi deep-water port (Mboro)
Port Autonome de KribiLa Lettre du PAK n°254
Date: May 2025Cited by title and date
Cited inWP01 · E43WP03 · S76WP04 · S101
Port Autonome de KribiLancement de la Kribi Port Industrial Zone: l’avenir a commencé
Date: 26 February 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S02
Port Autonome de KribiLe PAK et la KPIZ renforcent le dialogue avec leurs amodiataires
Date: 26 August 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S12
Port Autonome de KribiLe PAK tient enfin son titre foncier
Date: 26 June 2023Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S16WP07 · K05
Port Autonome de KribiLe Port affine sa feuille de route pour 2026
Date: 9 September 2025Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S29
Port Autonome de KribiPort de Kribi: la performance au service de la Nation (opinion article by the Director General)
Date: 21 April 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S28WP07 · K08
Port Autonome de KribiPort de Kribi: un terminal minéralier d’avenir
Date: 4 November 2025Cited by title and date
Port Autonome de KribiPrésentation du Port Autonome de Kribi (brochure)
Date: October 2018Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S21WP07 · K06
Port Autonome de KribiPROMOTE 2026: le Port Autonome de Kribi confirme son ambition industrialo-portuaire
Date: 18 June 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S14
Port Autonome de KribiProtecting biodiversity: the Port Authority of Kribi supports turtle conservation in Ebodje
Date: 16 Mar 2023Cited by title and date
Cited inWP07 · B07
Port Autonome de KribiVisites des projets et autorisations d’occupation temporaire: le PAK au cœur du développement industriel (acronym in the original title expanded)
Date: 28 Aug 2025Cited by title and date
Cited inWP07 · K24
Port Autonome de Kribi (newsletter PDF)La Lettre du PAK n°264: "Lancement de Kribi Port Industrial Zone, L’avenir a commencé" and "Réaction: Yves Roger Melingui, DG de KPIZ"
Date: Feb 2026 (uploaded May 2026)Cited by title and date
Cited inWP01 · Z1
Port Autonome de Kribi (newsletter)La Lettre du PAK n°264: Lancement de Kribi Port Industrial Zone, l’avenir a commencé
Date: February 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S01
Port Autonome de Kribi / Autorité Portuaire NationaleRecueil général des tarifs applicables aux prestations rendues par le Port Autonome de Kribi (homologated by the APN, 2018)
Date: 2018Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S114
Ports AfricaOfficial launch of the Kribi Port Industrial Zone (KPIZ): driving the economic transformation of Cameroon and the CEMAC sub-region
Date: 2026portsafrica.com/official-launch-of-the-kribi-port-industrial-zo…
Cited inWP02 · S09
Presidency (copy on GECAM)Ordonnance n° 2025/002 du 18 juillet 2025 fixant les incitations à l’investissement
Date: 18 Jul 2025legecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ordonnance_n_2025_002_du_…
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z39WP02 · S23WP08 · S36WP09 · R15WP09 · W08
Presidency of the RepublicLoi n° 2024/008 portant régime des forêts et de la faune
Date: 24 Jul 2024prc.cm/fr/actualites/actes/lois/7298-loi-n-2024-008-du-24-juill…
Cited inWP07 · L15
Presidency of the Republic of CameroonDécret n° 2020/251 du 5 mai 2020 portant réorganisation et fonctionnement du Port Autonome de Kribi
Date: 5 May 2020Cited by title and date
Cited inWP02 · S118WP07 · L19
Prime Minister of Cameroon (MINEPDED)Arrêté n° 106/PM du 11 juillet 2025 portant approbation du Plan National Climat
Date: 11 Jul 2025minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/decret-PM-plan-clima…
Cited inWP06 · S81
Prime Minister’s Office, CameroonDecree No. 2020/2592/PM of 9 June 2020 to lay down procedures for the establishment, organisation and functioning of vocational training and learning centres
Date: 9 Jun 2020spm.gov.cm/site/sites/default/files/decret_ndeg_2020_2592_en.pdf
Cited inWP08 · S27
PwC Worldwide Tax SummariesCameroon, Republic of: Corporate, Other taxes
Date: reviewed 14 Aug 2026taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/corporate/other-taxes
PwC Worldwide Tax SummariesCameroon, Republic of: Corporate, taxes on corporate income
Date: reviewed 14 Aug 2026taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/corporate/taxes-on-co…
Cited inWP09 · W05
PwC Worldwide Tax SummariesCameroon, Republic of: Individual, other taxes (social security, housing fund, employment fund)
accessed 10 Oct 2026taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/individual/other-taxes
Cited inWP09 · W06
PwC Worldwide Tax SummariesCameroon, Republic of: Individual, taxes on personal income
Date: reviewed 14 Aug 2026taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/individual/taxes-on-p…
Cited inWP09 · W07
Republic of Cameroon (reproduced by Cameroun24)Loi n° 2018/010 du 11 juillet 2018 régissant la formation professionnelle au Cameroun (text)
Date: 11 Jul 2018cameroun24.net/article/46391-loi-n2018-010-du-11-juillet-2018-r…
Cited inWP08 · S26
Rural-info (copy of the official text)Loi n° 2023/014 du 19 décembre 2023 portant Code minier, Article 40(4) (official text, mirror)
Date: 19 Dec 2023rural-info.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Loi-N°2023-014-du-19-…
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z42WP02 · S24WP05 · S27WP06 · S86WP08 · S35WP09 · W09
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 15% Minimum share of mine output for local processing (2023 Mining Code, art. 40(4))
- Verified 19 Dec 2023 The Mining Code sets local transformation
Services du Premier MinistreDécret portant mutation de la Réserve de Faune de Douala-Edéa en Parc National
Date: 2018spm.gov.cm/site/sites/default/files/mutation%20de%20la%20reserv…
Cited inWP07 · B03
SNHChiffres-clés du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2025
Date: 20 Jun 2026snh.cm/chiffres-cles-du-1er-janvier-au-31-decembre-2025/
Cited inWP05 · S92
SNHDonnées pétrolières 2025
Date: posted Jun 2026snh.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Donnees-petrolieres-2025.pdf
Cited inWP01 · E04WP02 · S67WP03 · S21WP04 · S84WP05 · S05WP06 · S83WP09 · E04
Standardization Administration of ChinaGB/T 1499.2-2018 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete, Part 2: Hot rolled ribbed bars
Date: 2018openstd.samr.gov.cn
Cited inWP10 · S73
The White HouseAdjusting Imports of Aluminum and Steel into the United States
Date: 3 Jun 2025whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/06/adjusting-imports-o…
Cited inWP04 · S47
ThisDayMr. President, it’s time to make final decision on Ajaokuta Steel, NIOMCO
Date: 15 Jul 2026thisdaylive.com/2026/07/15/mr-president-its-time-to-make-final-…
Cited inWP01 · N14
U.S. Geological SurveyMineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cement
Date: Jan 2026pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cement.pdf
Cited inWP04 · S109
US Department of EnergyHydrogen uses in ironmaking (V. Chevrier, Midrex), H2@Scale kick-off
Date: 1 Aug 2018energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/08/f54/fcto-h2-scale-kickoff-2…
Cited inWP03 · S85WP05 · S93WP06 · S17
US Department of State2024 Investment Climate Statements: Cameroon
Date: 2024state.gov/reports/2024-investment-climate-statements/cameroon/
Cited inWP01 · P10WP02 · S100WP04 · S142WP08 · S63WP09 · P10
US Geological SurveyEarthquake catalogue search, 400 km radius around Kribi, magnitude 3 and above, 1900 onwards
accessed 10 Oct 2026earthquake.usgs.gov/fdsnws/event/1/query?format=csv&latitude=2.…
Cited inWP06 · S97
US International Trade AdministrationCameroon, Energy (Country Commercial Guide)
Date: 13 Apr 2026trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cameroon-energy
US International Trade AdministrationCameroon, Import Tariffs (Country Commercial Guide)
Date: 10 Apr 2026trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cameroon-import-tariffs
Cited inWP04 · S135WP09 · P22
International organisations 142
AfDB via AllAfrica (AfDB page returned 403)Cameroon: AfDB Group supports development of integrated industrial zone at the Port of Kribi
Date: 2 Mar 2026allafrica.com/stories/202603100682.html
Cited inWP01 · Z13WP02 · S07WP07 · K04
African Development BankAfrican Development Bank Group’s Integrated Safeguards System (2023)
Date: 2023afdb.org/en/documents/african-development-bank-groups-integrate…
Cited inWP07 · G06
African Development Bank (published by MINFI)Rapport d’évaluation du Système de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale (SGES) du Cameroun
Date: Jul 2026minfi.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Rapport-Evaluation-SGES…
Cited inWP07 · L13
African Union CommissionList of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the AfCFTA Agreement
Date: 22 May 2026au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36437-sl-AGREEMENT_ESTABLIS…
Cited inWP01 · P27WP04 · S138WP09 · P27
Business in CameroonThe AfDB praises the impacts of the planned extension of the Kribi gas-fired power plant
Date: 1 Jul 2020businessincameroon.com/energy/0107-10486-the-afdb-praises-the-i…
Cited inWP01 · E25WP02 · S65WP05 · S22
Camer.beCameroun: Prometal décroche 26,2 milliards FCFA d’Afreximbank
Date: 1 Oct 2026camer.be/actualites/economie/cameroun-prometal-decroche-262-mil…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C40WP03 · S32WP04 · S01WP05 · S33WP09 · C40
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~1.2 Mt/yr Installed steel transformation capacity in Cameroon, running at about 50%: billets and scrap are scarce, and the press reports more than 30 billion FCFA of unsold stock (September 2026)
- Sourced ~40% Share of existing Cameroonian mills’ needs covered by local scrap (2026)
Cameroun2440 millions d’euros d’Afreximbank: Prometal sécurise ses billettes d’acier alors que la ferraille camerounaise s’épuise
Date: 10 Oct 2026cameroun24.net/article/76267-40-millions-d-euros-d-afreximbank-…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C41WP03 · S33WP04 · S116WP05 · S97WP09 · C41
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~1.2 Mt/yr Installed steel transformation capacity in Cameroon, running at about 50%: billets and scrap are scarce, and the press reports more than 30 billion FCFA of unsold stock (September 2026)
- Sourced ~40% Share of mill feedstock covered by local scrap; the rest is imported, mostly as billets
CENEN 206:2013+A2:2021 Concrete: specification, performance, production and conformity
Date: 2021standards.cencenelec.eu
EC ICITENERGIRON technology (DRI-EAF with natural gas or H₂)
Date: ref. 12 Feb 2026innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/in…
Cited inWP01 · T09WP02 · S116WP03 · S20WP04 · S156WP05 · S39WP06 · S15WP09 · T09
Ecofin AgencyCameroon turns to BEAC’s special window to back Grand Zambi iron project
Date: 18 Feb 2026ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1802-53042-cameroon-turns-to-bea…
Cited inWP01 · O41
EcoMatinPrometal obtient 26 milliards FCFA d’Afreximbank pour soutenir son expansion industrielle
Date: 30 Sep 2026ecomatin.net/prometal-obtient-26-milliards-fcfa-dafreximbank-po…
EITI International SecretariatCameroon, country page (Validation, reports, Mining Code reference)
Cited inWP01 · O52
EU, Official Journal LRegulation (EU) 2026/1384 (steel TRQ replacing the safeguard)
Date: 24 Jun 2026eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1384/oj/eng
Cited inWP04 · S41WP06 · S95WP09 · G10
EUR-LexCommission Implementing Decision 2012/135/EU establishing BAT conclusions for iron and steel production
Date: 28 Feb 2012eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012D01…
Cited inWP03 · S94WP07 · G07
EUR-Lex (OJ L 130)Directive (EU) 2023/959 (EU ETS revision)
Date: 16 May 2023eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023L0959
Cited inSiteWP01 · D07WP03 · S55WP05 · S109WP06 · S28
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 51.5% Share of free allocation retained (2030)
EUR-Lex (OJ L 130)Regulation (EU) 2023/956 (CBAM), Annex I
Date: 16 May 2023eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956
Cited inSiteWP01 · D08WP03 · S53WP04 · S165WP05 · S46WP06 · S27WP09 · D08
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 1 Iron and steel: only direct emissions count (including those of precursors such as DRI)
EUROFEREuropean Steel in Figures 2025
Date: Jun 2025eurofer.eu/assets/publications/brochures-booklets-and-factsheet…
Cited inSiteWP01 · P02WP04 · S130WP08 · S02WP09 · P02
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Assumption 2 per direct job Indirect jobs (suppliers, contractors, transport)
- Assumption 1 per direct job Induced jobs (spending of wages)
EUROMETALEU Commission finalizes CBAM benchmarks, default values ahead of January 2026 launch
Date: Dec 2025eurometal.net/eu-commission-finalizes-cbam-benchmarks-default-v…
Cited inWP06 · S31
EUROMETALOECD Steel Committee: global overcapacity hits record levels as China’s exports surge
Date: 7 Nov 2025eurometal.net/oecd-steel-committee-global-overcapacity-hits-rec…
Cited inWP04 · S40
EUROMETAL (Platts)OECD: global steel capacity reaches record high
Date: 28 Mar 2026eurometal.net/oecd-global-steel-capacity-reaches-record-high/
Cited inWP04 · S42
EUROMETAL (Platts)OECD: global steel excess capacity set to reach 745 million mt by 2028
Date: 5 Jun 2026eurometal.net/oecd-global-steel-excess-capacity-set-to-reach-74…
Cited inWP01 · G16WP04 · S09WP09 · G16
European CommissionCBAM legislation and guidance
taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanis…
Cited inWP01 · D04WP06 · S104WP09 · D04
European CommissionPrice of CBAM certificates
Date: 5 Oct 2026 (latest)taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanis…
Cited inSiteWP01 · D05WP02 · S103WP03 · S54WP04 · S164WP05 · S47WP06 · S26WP07 · T07WP09 · D05
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 82.32 €/t CO₂ CBAM certificate price, Q3 2026
European Commission (DG Enterprise and Industry, Joint Research Centre)EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures (J. Walraven), workshop "Eurocodes: background and applications", Brussels, 18 to 20 Feb 2008
Date: Feb 2008eurocodes.fi/wp-content/uploads/1992/sahkoinen1992/EN-1992.pdf
Cited inWP10 · S30
European Commission (DG TAXUD)Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanis…
European Commission (EUR-Lex)COM(2025) 989: proposal extending the CBAM to downstream goods
Date: 17 Dec 2025eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025PC0989
Cited inWP06 · S33
European Commission (INTPA)Global Gateway: Namibia becomes pioneer for Africa’s green transition
Date: 11 Apr 2025international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/gl…
European Commission (Official Journal L 284, p. 69)Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2110 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions for the ferrous metals processing industry (BAT 22, Table 1.9: feedstock heating in hot rolling)
Date: 11 Oct 2022eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022D21…
Cited inWP07 · G16
European Commission / Council of the EUAnnexes to the Proposal amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the CBAM, COM(2025) 87 (Council document 6609/25 ADD 1)
Date: 27 Feb 2025data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-6609-2025-ADD-1/en/pdf
Cited inWP06 · S30
European Commission Joint Research Centre; GTAP resource 11157 via AgEcon SearchEnvironmental sustainability and job creation: a SAM-based approach for Cameroon (A. El Meligi, V. Ferreira, V. Nechifor, E. Ferrari)
Date: 2023ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333428
Cited inWP09 · W02
European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs UnionCBAM definitive regime
accessed 10 Oct 2026taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanis…
Cited inWP07 · T06
European Commission, Innovation Centre for Industrial TransformationDRI-EAF implementation at Saarstahl and Dillinger steelworks (POWER4STEEL)
Date: Referenced Jul 2025innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/in…
Cited inWP03 · S84WP06 · S18
European Commission, Innovation Centre for Industrial TransformationEnhanced EAF steelmaking through continuous charging, scrap preheating (Consteel)
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/in…
Cited inWP03 · S90WP05 · S38WP06 · S94
European Commission, Joint Research CentreBest Available Techniques Reference Document for Iron and Steel Production (EUR 25521)
Date: 2013bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default…
Cited inWP02 · S76WP03 · S42WP04 · S126WP05 · S37WP06 · S19WP07 · G17WP09 · T08
European Commission, Official Journal L 284Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2110, BAT conclusions for the ferrous metals processing industry
Date: 11 Oct 2022eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022D2110
Cited inWP03 · S49WP04 · S127WP05 · S40
European Committee for Standardization (CEN)EN 1992-1-1:2004 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings (with corrigenda)
Date: 2004eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/EN-Eurocodes/eurocode-2-design-concr…
Cited inWP10 · S36
EYEU adopts CBAM Omnibus Regulation
Date: 22 Oct 2025ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/eu-adopts-cbam-omnibus-regula…
Gabon Media TimeCEMAC: après le repli de 2025, la BEAC table sur un redressement progressif des réserves de change
Date: 2 Jan 2026gabonmediatime.com/cemac-apres-le-repli-de-2025-la-beac-table-s…
Cited inWP04 · S112WP09 · P06
GMK CenterEU recycled 92% of steel slag in 2024 (EUROSLAG figures)
Date: 1 Dec 2025gmk.center/en/news/eu-recycled-92-of-steel-slag-in-2024-eurosla…
Cited inWP06 · S67
GMK CenterExcess steel production capacity continues to weigh on global markets, OECD
Date: 4 Jun 2026gmk.center/en/news/excess-steel-production-capacity-continues-t…
Cited inWP04 · S43
GMK CenterNorth African green steel will soon be in demand in the EU, an overview
Date: 25 Aug 2025gmk.center/en/posts/north-african-green-steel-will-soon-be-in-d…
Cited inWP01 · A19WP04 · S62
GMK CenterThe cost of protection: global reactions to the EU’s new steel TRQs
Date: 14 Jul 2026gmk.center/en/posts/the-cost-of-protection-global-reactions-to-…
Cited inWP04 · S46
IEAIron and Steel Technology Roadmap
Date: Oct 2020iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/eb0c8ec1-3665-4959-97d0-187cec…
Cited inSiteWP01 · T02WP03 · S02WP05 · S35WP06 · S05
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 21.4 GJ/t Final energy, blast furnace
- Sourced 17.1 GJ/t Final energy, gas DRI and electric furnace
- Sourced 2.1 GJ/t Final energy, scrap and electric furnace
and 1 more
- Assumption 538 g CO₂/kWh Grid factor implicit in the world averages
IFCEnvironmental and Social Review Summary, Kribi power project (project 25978)
Date: 2010disclosures.ifc.org/project-detail/ESRS/25978/kribi
Cited inWP02 · S151WP07 · E15
IFCIFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability
Date: 1 January 2012ifc.org/en/insights-reports/2012/ifc-performance-standards
Cited inSiteWP02 · S90WP06 · S21WP07 · G01WP07 · G02
IFCParis alignment at IFC
accessed 10 Oct 2026ifc.org/en/what-we-do/sector-expertise/climate-business/paris-a…
Cited inWP06 · S23
IFC / World Bank GroupEnvironmental, Health, and Safety (General) Guidelines
Date: 30 Apr 2007ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-general-ehs-guidelines-en…
Cited inWP07 · G04WP08 · S56
IFC and European Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentWorkers’ accommodation: processes and standards
Date: Aug 2009ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/mgrt/workers-accomodation.pdf
Cited inWP07 · G12
IFC, World Bank GroupEnvironmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Integrated Steel Mills
Date: 30 April 2007ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-integrated-steel-mills-eh…
Cited inSiteWP02 · S75WP03 · S44WP04 · S125WP05 · S36WP06 · S20WP07 · G03WP08 · S55
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Assumption 450 kWh/t Arc-furnace electricity per tonne of liquid steel used in RC-1, within the 347 to 500 kWh/t reference range
IFC, World Bank GroupIFC Access to Information Policy: disclosure of the Summary of Investment Information and the Environmental and Social Review Summary 60 days (Category A) or 30 days before Board consideration
Date: Effective 1 Jan 2012ifc.org/en/insights-reports/2012/ifc-access-to-information-poli…
Cited inWP03 · S106
ILO, NORMLEXNight Work Convention, 1990 (No. 171): text and key information
accessed 10 Oct 2026normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100…
Cited inWP08 · S70
ILO, NORMLEXProtocol of 1990 to the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948
accessed 10 Oct 2026normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100…
Cited inWP08 · S72
ILO, NORMLEXRatifications for Cameroon (51 conventions; No. 89 ratified 25 May 1970 and No. 155 ratified 1 Oct 2021, both in force)
accessed 10 Oct 2026normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11200:0::NO::P11200…
Cited inWP08 · S73
ILO, NORMLEXUp-to-date Conventions and Protocols not ratified by Cameroon (including Nos. 167, 171, 174, 187 and 190 and the Protocol of 1990 to No. 89)
accessed 10 Oct 2026normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=1000:11210:0::NO:11210:P11210_…
Cited inWP08 · S74
ILO, NORMLEXViolence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190): text and key information (in force 25 Jun 2021)
accessed 10 Oct 2026normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100…
Cited inWP08 · S71
IMFCameroon: 2026 Article IV Consultation, Staff Report
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Cited inWP09 · C11
IMFIMF concludes 8th reviews under ECF and EFF and 3rd review under RSF (PR 25/265)
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Cited inWP09 · P34
IMFIMF Executive Board concludes 2026 Article IV consultation with Cameroon (PR 26/096)
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Cited inWP01 · P09WP04 · S82WP09 · P09
IMFIMF staff concludes Post-Financing Assessment mission to Cameroon (PR 26/314)
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 (Energy), Chapter 1, default CO₂ emission factor for natural gas (56,100 kg/TJ)
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International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP)EU Emissions Trading System (factsheet)
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International Energy Agency2022 export duty withdrawal (iron ore and pellets), policies database
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Cited inWP01 · N11
International Energy AgencyEmissions Measurement and Data Collection for a Net Zero Steel Industry
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Cited inWP06 · S07
International Energy AgencyGlobal Hydrogen Review 2025
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Cited inWP06 · S79
International Finance CorporationAddressing Grievances from Project-Affected Communities (Good Practice Note)
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International Finance CorporationEnvironmental and Social Review Summary 8638, Alexandria National Iron and Steel (flat steel production)
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Cited inWP07 · T09
International Finance CorporationEnvironmental and Social Review Summary 51259, Esteel Loan (EAF steel and rebar works, Malaysia)
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Cited inWP07 · T08
International Finance CorporationPerformance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions
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Cited inWP08 · S57
International Finance CorporationProjects and People: A Handbook for Addressing Project-Induced In-Migration
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Cited inWP07 · G11
International Labour OrganizationNearly 3 million people die of work-related accidents and diseases
Date: 26 Nov 2023ilo.org/resource/news/nearly-3-million-people-die-work-related-…
Cited inWP08 · S54
International Labour Organization (ILO), NORMLEXNight Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 (No. 89): text and key information (interim status; may be denounced 27 Feb 2031 to 27 Feb 2032)
accessed 10 Oct 2026normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100…
Cited inWP08 · S69
International Maritime OrganizationInternational Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code
accessed 10 Oct 2026imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/BulkCarriers-Default.aspx
Cited inWP06 · S99
International Organization for StandardizationISO 7243:2017, Ergonomics of the thermal environment: assessment of heat stress using the WBGT index
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Cited inWP06 · S66
International Organization for StandardizationISO 9606-1:2012, Qualification testing of welders: fusion welding, Part 1: Steels
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Cited inWP08 · S59
International Organization for StandardizationISO 14064-3:2019, Greenhouse gases: specification for the verification and validation of GHG statements
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Cited inWP06 · S101
International Organization for StandardizationISO 14067:2018, Greenhouse gases: carbon footprint of products
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Cited inWP06 · S46
International Organization for StandardizationISO 14404-1:2024 and ISO 14404-2:2024, Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production, Parts 1 and 2
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Cited inWP06 · S41
International Organization for StandardizationISO 14404-3:2024, Part 3: Steel plant with electric arc furnace and coal-based or gas-based direct reduction iron facility
Date: 2024iso.org/standard/85990.html
Cited inWP06 · S42
International Organization for StandardizationISO 14404-4:2020, Part 4: Guidance for using the ISO 14404 series
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Cited inWP06 · S43
International Organization for StandardizationISO 45001:2018, Occupational health and safety management systems: requirements with guidance for use
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Cited inWP08 · S58
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)ISO 6935-2:2019 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete, Part 2: Ribbed bars
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Cited inWP10 · S43WP10 · S44WP10 · S45WP10 · S47WP10 · S55WP10 · S56WP10 · S57WP10 · S62WP10 · S71WP10 · S78WP10 · S84
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024
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Cited inWP05 · S104
International Union for Conservation of NatureArctic seals threatened by climate change, birds decline globally: IUCN Red List (press release; green turtle moved from Endangered to Least Concern)
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Cited inWP07 · B12
International Union for Conservation of NatureThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Cited inWP07 · B09WP07 · B10
IPCC2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2: Energy
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IPCCClimate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers
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Cited inWP02 · S82WP06 · S59WP07 · E08
IPCC Working Group IClimate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Chapter 8, Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing (global warming potentials; SF6 = 23,500)
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IPCC Working Group IIIClimate Change 2014: Mitigation, Annex III: Technology-specific cost and performance parameters
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Cited inWP06 · S58
ISO; European Committee for Standardization (CEN)ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations, Type III; EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, core rules for construction products
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Cited inWP06 · S47
Le360 AfriqueLe Cameroun se dote d’un nouveau Plan directeur d’industrialisation
Date: 4 Apr 2017afrique.le360.ma/autres-pays/economie/2017/04/04/10804-le-camer…
Cited inWP01 · P14WP04 · S171
Managers.tnLe turc Tosyali va construire un nouveau complexe sidérurgique en Algérie
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Cited inWP01 · A26WP03 · S60
Mayer BrownEuropean Commission issues CBAM operational rules and proposes downstream extension of the CBAM scope
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Cited inWP06 · S32
Midrex Technologies, hosted by worldsteelMIDREX Flex: minimizing technology risks in the transition to carbon-free steelmaking (V. Chevrier), worldsteel Breakthrough Technology Conference
Date: 6 Dec 2023worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Presentation_Vincent-CHEVRIER…
Cited inWP03 · S22
MIGA (World Bank Group)Kribi Power Development Corporation
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Cited inWP01 · E24WP02 · S64WP05 · S21
MINEPDED (FAOLEX)Arrêté n° 00001/MINEPDED fixant les catégories d’opérations soumises à évaluation environnementale stratégique ou à étude d’impact environnemental et social
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Cited inWP02 · S87WP07 · L03
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Bank GroupOCP SA, UM6P Project (project summary: ownership, Benguerir campus, enrolment)
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Cited inWP08 · S47
Presidency (FAOLEX copy)Loi n° 85/09 relative à l’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique et aux modalités d’indemnisation
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Cited inWP07 · L08
Presidency (FAOLEX copy)Loi n° 92/007 portant Code du travail
Date: 14 Aug 1992faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr198304.pdf
Cited inWP07 · L17WP08 · S33
Presidency (FAOLEX copy)Loi n° 2013/011 régissant les zones économiques au Cameroun
Date: 16 Dec 2013faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr141879.pdf
Cited inWP07 · L20
Presidency of the Republic (FAOLEX copy)Loi n° 96/12 portant loi-cadre relative à la gestion de l’environnement
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Cited inSiteWP07 · L01
Presidency; Prime Minister (FAOLEX copies)Loi n° 98/005 portant régime de l’eau; Décrets n° 2001/164/PM and 2001/165/PM
Date: 14 Apr 1998; 8 May 2001faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr33974.pdf
Cited inWP07 · L07
Presidency; Prime Minister (FAOLEX copies)Loi n° 98/015 relative aux établissements classés dangereux, insalubres ou incommodes; Décret n° 99/818/PM fixant les modalités d’implantation et d’exploitation
Date: 14 Jul 1998; 9 Nov 1999faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr141675.pdf
Cited inWP07 · L04
Prime Minister (FAOLEX copies)Décrets n° 2011/2582/PM (atmosphere), 2011/2583/PM (noise and odours), 2011/2584/PM (soils) and 2011/2585/PM (discharges)
Date: 23 Aug 2011faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr195746.pdf
Cited inWP07 · L05
Prime Minister’s Office (FAOLEX copy)Décret n° 2023/00338/PM du 21 mars 2023 (salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti)
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Cited inWP08 · S34
Prime Minister’s Office (FAOLEX)Décret n° 2000/004/PM portant création du Parc National de Campo-Ma’an
Date: 6 January 2000faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr26727.pdf
Cited inWP02 · S85WP07 · B02
Prime Minister’s Office (FAOLEX)Décret n° 2012/2809/PM fixant les conditions de tri, de collecte, de stockage, de transport, de récupération, de recyclage, de traitement et d’élimination finale des déchets
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Cited inWP02 · S152WP07 · L06
Prime Minister’s Office (FAOLEX)Décret n° 2013/0171/PM fixant les modalités de réalisation des études d’impact environnemental et social
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Cited inWP02 · S88WP07 · L02
Prime Minister’s Office (FAOLEX)Décret n° 2021/4804/PM portant création du Parc National Marin Manyange na Elombo-Campo
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Cited inWP02 · S84WP07 · B01
Republic of Cameroon / MINEPAT (hosted by FAOLEX)Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030 (SND30)
Date: 2020faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr211554.pdf
Cited inWP01 · P13WP02 · S99WP04 · S25WP05 · S26WP08 · S41WP09 · P13
Scott Wilson for AES SONEL (World Bank disclosure)Kribi Power Project, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Addendum (gas reciprocating engines)
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Cited inWP07 · E06
Secretariat of the Basel Convention (UNEP); African UnionBasel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal; Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa
Date: 22 Mar 1989; 30 Jan 1991basel.int
Cited inWP07 · G15
SikafinanceCameroun: le groupe Prometal décroche 26 milliards FCFA auprès d’Afreximbank pour renforcer sa production d’acier
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Cited inWP02 · S98
SikafinanceCameroun: le groupe Prometal décroche 26 milliards FCFA auprès d’Afreximbank…
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Cited inSiteWP01 · C38WP03 · S72WP04 · S20WP05 · S32WP06 · S89WP09 · C38
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced ~1.2 Mt/yr Installed steel transformation capacity in Cameroon, running at about 50%: billets and scrap are scarce, and the press reports more than 30 billion FCFA of unsold stock (September 2026)
Standards New Zealand, Building Code HubISO 9223:2012 Corrosion of metals and alloys: corrosivity of atmospheres (resource description)
codehub.building.govt.nz/assets/_generated_pdfs/iso-92232012-72…
Cited inWP03 · S100
UNCTADAt 11.4 per cent of the value of imports, African countries paid more for international transport than any other region (Review of Maritime Transport 2015)
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Cited inWP04 · S158WP09 · W12
UNEP Law and Environment Assistance PlatformNational consultations advance revision of Cameroon’s framework environmental law
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Cited inWP07 · L14
UNEP, Secretariat of the Basel ConventionBasel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (text)
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Cited inWP06 · S71
UNESCO World Heritage CentreLe paysage culturel des chutes de la Lobé (Tentative List, ref. 6330)
Date: 2018whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/6330/
Cited inWP02 · S86WP07 · B04
UNESCO World Heritage CentreParc national de Campo Ma’an (Tentative List, ref. 6312)
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Cited inWP07 · B11
United Nations General AssemblyUnited Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
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United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human RightsGuiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
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Cited inWP07 · G13
World BankCameroon Overview
Date: updated Sep 2026worldbank.org/en/country/cameroon/overview
Cited inWP04 · S83WP09 · C12
World BankCameroon, Lom Pangar Hydropower Project (P114077): Implementation Completion and Results Report (ICR00004891)
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Cited inWP05 · S59
World BankCameroon’s journey toward affordable, reliable and universal electricity access
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Cited inWP05 · S55
World BankCommodity Markets Outlook April 2026, Forecasts (Table 1)
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Cited inWP01 · G33WP04 · S59
World BankCommodity Markets Outlook, Historical Data, Annual (xlsx)
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Cited inWP01 · G31WP04 · S58WP05 · S100
World BankPink Sheet, October 2026
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Cited inWP01 · G32WP04 · S144WP09 · G32
World Health OrganizationWHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide
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Cited inWP02 · S113WP07 · G09
World Steel AssociationSafety and health (principles, policy paper, fundamentals)
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World Steel AssociationSafety and health in the steel industry: Data report 2025
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Cited inWP08 · S52
World Steel Associationsteeluniversity: learning for the steel industry (simulations, courses, safety videos)
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World Steel Association (copy hosted by the Australian Steel Institute)Energy use in the steel industry (fact sheet)
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Cited inWP05 · S31
World Steel Association (worldsteel)Steel industry co-products
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Cited inWP07 · T02
worldsteelAugust 2026 crude steel production
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Cited inWP01 · G04WP04 · S38
worldsteelClimate change and the production of iron and steel (policy paper)
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worldsteelLife cycle inventory data and eco-profiles
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Cited inWP06 · S44
worldsteelSustainability Indicators 2025 report
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Cited inWP01 · T01WP09 · T01
worldsteelSustainability Indicators 2025 report
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Cited inSiteWP02 · S77WP03 · S01WP06 · S01WP07 · T01WP08 · S51
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 2.34 · 1.47 · 0.69 t CO₂/t Global average CO₂ intensity: blast furnace, DRI plus electric furnace, scrap plus electric furnace
- Sourced 2.34 t CO₂/t CO₂ intensity, blast furnace (world average)
- Sourced 1.47 t CO₂/t CO₂ intensity, direct reduction (world average)
and 1 more
- Sourced 0.69 t CO₂/t CO₂ intensity, scrap electric furnace (world average)
worldsteelSustainability Indicators 2025 report
Date: Nov 2025 (upd. Feb 2026)worldsteel.org/zh-hans/wider-sustainability/sustainability-indi…
Cited inWP05 · S34
worldsteelworldsteel Short Range Outlook April 2026 (release + Table 1)
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worldsteel / Oxford EconomicsEconomic and social impact of the global steel industry (infographic)
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Cited inWP01 · P01WP02 · S107WP04 · S129WP08 · S01WP09 · P01
WTOTariff profile: Cameroon
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Cited inWP01 · P26WP04 · S174WP09 · P26
Press and trade media 197
Afferro (newswire.ca)Afferro Mining Inc., publication of Q3 results
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Africa Finance CorporationThe ARISE special economic zone model: value creation and development impact
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African EnergyCameroon: Nyambizan to Yaoundé line nears completion
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Cited inWP05 · S65
AfricanewsCameroon: death toll rises to 40 in building collapse
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Cited inWP10 · S21
AIMS PressGeomatics-based assessment of coastal vulnerability in Kribi (Perabi et al.), Urban Resilience and Sustainability 3(4)
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Cited inWP02 · S81WP06 · S63WP07 · E03
AllAfrica (Camer.be)Cameroun: SNH, huit ans de location, zéro infrastructure
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Cited inWP01 · E10WP05 · S91
AllAfrica (InfoWire)À Nkok, une zone économique moteur du dynamisme économique gabonais (partner content)
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Cited inWP02 · S130
AllAfrica (Les Dépêches de Brazzaville)Zone Cémac: la BEAC annonce un ralentissement de croissance à 2,4%
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Cited inWP01 · P07WP04 · S113WP09 · P07
ArcelorMittal (via Euronext)ArcelorMittal completes acquisition of CSP in Brazil (press release)
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Cited inWP02 · S128
ArcelorMittal South AfricaUpdate: final wind-down decision relating to the long steel business
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Cited inWP03 · S66WP04 · S61WP09 · A13
Association Française de Certification des Armatures du Béton (AFCAB), AFNOR CertificationCertificat N° B03/176 rév. 16, aciers pour béton armé, NF A 35-080-1 nuance B500B (fiche descriptive and caractéristiques certifiées)
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Cited inWP10 · S31
Business and Human Rights Resource CentreCameroon: Lobé-Kribi iron ore project poses social and environmental challenges, warns NGO (title shortened)
Date: Feb and Dec 2025business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/cameroon-lob%C3%A9-krib…
Cited inWP07 · H09
Business in CameroonCameroon applies CEEAC common external tariff from January 1, 2026
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Cited inWP01 · P23WP04 · S131WP09 · P23
Business in CameroonCameroon cuts PIISAH allocation to CFA12.5bn in 2026
Date: 15 Dec 2025businessincameroon.com/public-management/1512-15509-cameroon-cu…
Cited inWP04 · S173
Business in CameroonCameroon gas operator slashes share capital by 86% a year after takeover
Date: 9 Oct 2026businessincameroon.com/energy/0910-16932-cameroon-gas-operator-…
Cited inWP05 · S86
Business in CameroonCameroon implements new electricity price hike to achieve financial balance
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Cited inWP05 · S70
Business in CameroonCameroon inaugurates 3 excellence training centres of FCFA 24 billion built by South Korea
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Cited inWP08 · S24
Business in CameroonCameroon initiates Mbalam iron ore mine construction amidst funding uncertainty
Date: 21 Dec 2023businessincameroon.com/mining/2112-13576-cameroon-initiates-mba…
Cited inWP01 · Z69
Business in CameroonCameroon plans higher electricity rates for some businesses to ease sector strain
Date: 8 May 2026businessincameroon.com/energy/0805-16144-cameroon-plans-higher-…
Cited inWP05 · S57
Business in CameroonCameroon rejects fresh push to revise rebar standard
Date: 26 Jan 2026businessincameroon.com/construction/2601-15657-cameroon-rejects…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C34WP03 · S26WP04 · S26WP08 · S67WP09 · C34WP10 · S07
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced NC 236 Cameroon’s mandatory rebar standard (NC 236/2024/06); a request to revise it was refused in January 2026
Business in CameroonCameroon reviews metals industry to address supply and energy constraints
Date: 29 Apr 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/2904-16094-cameroon-re…
Business in CameroonCameroon revokes […] compliance certificate for rebar, orders recall of products (name of the producer omitted here)
Date: 17 Oct 2024Cited by title and date
Cited inWP10 · S05
Business in CameroonCameroon speeds up Kribi bitumen plant with tax breaks and refining license
Date: 10 Jun 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/1006-16302-cameroon-sp…
Cited inWP01 · Z55WP02 · S36WP05 · S25
Business in CameroonCameroon targets 476 km of new roads in 2026 infrastructure plan
Date: 16 Feb 2026businessincameroon.com/construction/1602-15761-cameroon-targets…
Cited inWP04 · S76
Business in CameroonCameroon’s Kribi port plans CFA50 billion agricultural terminal
Date: 9 Oct 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/0910-16938-cameroon-s-…
Cited inWP04 · S102WP05 · S82
Business in CameroonCameroon’s Kribi port triples capacity with launch of second container terminal
Date: 12 May 2025businessincameroon.com/infrastructures/1205-14650-cameroon-s-kr…
Cited inWP02 · S57WP07 · K07
Business in CameroonCameroon’s power purchases from IPPs rise 17% to CFA156.1bn in 2024
Date: 14 Jan 2026businessincameroon.com/energy/1401-15608-cameroon-s-power-purch…
Cited inWP05 · S56
Business in CameroonCNPS, G-Stones join Kribi port mineral terminal project
Date: 7 Nov 2025businessincameroon.com/mining/0711-15312-cnps-g-stones-join-kri…
Cited inWP01 · O31WP02 · S47WP09 · O31
Business in CameroonDouala port faces severe congestion, impacting West African trade
Date: 1 September 2025businessincameroon.com/public-management/0109-14940-douala-port…
Cited inWP02 · S54
Business in CameroonFive banks back CFA41bn financing for Grand Zambi iron project
Date: 17 Feb 2026businessincameroon.com/mining/1702-15775-five-banks-back-cfa41b…
Cited inWP01 · O40
Business in CameroonGrand Zambi iron ore project now targets first exports in August 2025
Date: 3 Jun 2025businessincameroon.com/mining/0306-14716-grand-zambi-iron-ore-p…
Cited inWP01 · O38
Business in CameroonGrand Zambi iron ore: G-Stones reportedly ready to start exploitation in the next few months
Date: 30 Aug 2023businessincameroon.com/mining/3008-13380-grand-zambi-iron-ore-g…
Cited inWP01 · O37
Business in CameroonIndustrial gas: Cameroon suspends GDC’s 20% price hiking plan
Date: 18 Jul 2023businessincameroon.com/energy/1807-13291-industrial-gas-cameroo…
Cited inWP01 · E11WP05 · S87WP09 · E11
Business in CameroonJindal Steel races to secure Cameroon iron mine amid environmental concerns
Date: 2 Sep 2024businessincameroon.com/public-management/0209-14108-jindal-stee…
Cited inWP01 · O49
Business in CameroonKribi Deep Sea Port, investors partner to construct 125-million-tonne mineral terminal worth $2 billion
Date: 5 Nov 2025businessincameroon.com/transport/0511-15300-kribi-deep-sea-port…
Business in CameroonKribi gas power plant resumes operations after debt resolution
Date: 27 February 2025businessincameroon.com/energy/2702-14501-kribi-gas-power-plant-…
Cited inWP02 · S71WP05 · S50
Business in CameroonKribi port plans 8-hectare expansion to raise container capacity to 34,000 TEUs
Date: 18 May 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/1805-16177-kribi-port-…
Cited inWP02 · S52
Business in CameroonKribi port revenue up 24% as cargo traffic reaches 12.7mln tons in 2024
Date: 1 July 2025businessincameroon.com/public-management/0107-14810-kribi-port-…
Cited inWP02 · S53
Business in CameroonKribi Port unveils new management framework for industrial-zone transition
Date: 1 June 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/0106-16249-kribi-port-…
Cited inWP02 · S11
Business in CameroonKribi Port’s net profit exceeds CFA4 billion after strong year for cargo traffic
Date: 29 Jun 2026businessincameroon.com/transport/2906-16378-kribi-port-s-net-pr…
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z50WP02 · S31
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Verified 9 May 2025 Second container terminal in service
Business in CameroonMbalam iron ore mine delays first exports to early 2026
Date: 13 Dec 2025businessincameroon.com/public-management/1312-15495-mbalam-iron…
Cited inWP01 · O25WP02 · S46WP03 · S79
Business in CameroonNachtigal power line delays leave 150 MW of industrial demand unmet
Date: 9 Oct 2026businessincameroon.com/public-management/0910-16939-nachtigal-p…
Cited inWP01 · E16WP02 · S61WP03 · S89WP04 · S92WP05 · S02WP06 · S51WP09 · E16
Business in CameroonPress report of the sealing by customs of more than 7,300 t of imported reinforcing bar, December 2020 (headline and address not reproduced: they name the importer)
Date: 16 Dec 2020Cited by title and date
Cambridge University PressInput-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions, 2nd edition (R. E. Miller, P. D. Blair)
Date: 2009doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626982
Cited inWP09 · W27
Camer.beCameroun: Complexe moderne de sidérurgie de Kribi, le PM Joseph Dion Ngute effectue la pose de la première pierre
Date: 5 Jan 2025camer.be/87795/12:1/cameroun-complexe-moderne-de-siderurgie-de-…
Camer.beLe navire usine quitte le Cameroun, le gaz s’arrête
Date: 9 Jul 2026camer.be/93911/12:1/le-navire-usine-quitte-le-cameroun-le-gaz-s…
Cited inWP01 · E09WP03 · S82WP04 · S85WP05 · S16WP06 · S84WP09 · E09
Camer.be via AllAfricaCameroon Mining Company confirme l’entrée du projet Mbalam dans sa phase irréversible d’exécution
Date: 12 Dec 2025fr.allafrica.com/stories/202512120475.html
Cited inSiteWP01 · O17WP03 · S36WP04 · S34WP05 · S102WP09 · O17
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Reported 15% Share of Mbalam output that Cameroon Mining Company’s convention is reported to provide for local transformation; the same report presents Cameroon Steel as the future national steel hub of the Mbalam programme
- Reported 12 Dec 2025 Mbalam and the 15% local transformation
Camer.be, republished by AllAfricaCameroun: Douala, 6 morts dans l’effondrement d’un immeuble à Bonamoussadi
Date: 11 Jul 2026fr.allafrica.com/stories/202607130741.html
Cited inWP10 · S22
Cameroon Tribune« Ces recettes vont assurer le financement de la formation professionnelle »
Date: 25 Jan 2024cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/62720/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP08 · S30
Cameroon Tribune« Des actions concrètes pour renforcer les infrastructures industrielles » (MINMIDT)
Date: 1 Nov 2024cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/67712/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP01 · P15WP04 · S172
Cameroon TribuneExploitations: la revue des gisements
Date: 11 May 2026cameroon-tribune.cm/articles/11125/fr/details_2
Cited inWP01 · O28WP03 · S80
Cameroon TribuneGestion de la zone industrielle du Port de Kribi: une nouvelle organisation mise en place
Date: 28 May 2026cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/77128/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP02 · S10
Cameroon TribuneIndustrialisation: la voie royale de l’émergence
Date: 2 Jan 2025cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68558/fr.html/details_2
Cited inSiteWP01 · X04WP02 · S40WP03 · S105WP04 · S32WP05 · S06WP06 · S73WP07 · X02WP08 · S10WP09 · X04WP10 · S03
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 1 Mt/yr Target design capacity, built in phases
- Verified 30 Dec 2024 Foundation stone laid at Mboro
Cameroon TribuneKribi-Lobé: les travaux préparatoires lancés
Date: 25 October 2023cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/61036/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP02 · S153
Cameroon TribuneKribi: le Premier ministre, chef du gouvernement est là
Date: 30 Dec 2024cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68499/fr.html/details_2
Cited inSiteWP01 · X01WP02 · S39WP03 · S77WP04 · S170WP05 · S08WP06 · S72WP07 · X01WP08 · S09WP09 · X01WP10 · S01
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 30 December 2024 Foundation stone laid at Mboro by the Prime Minister, representing the Head of State
- Verified 30 Dec 2024 Foundation stone laid at Mboro
Cameroon TribuneMatériaux de construction: l’offensive locale
Date: 24 Apr 2023cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/56766/en.html/details_2
Cameroon TribuneMétallurgie: les locaux battent le fer chaud
Date: 17 Aug 2023cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/59491/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP01 · C45WP04 · S133WP09 · C45
Cameroon TribuneNormes sur les produits de grande consommation: quel impact sur la qualité
Date: 10 Oct 2024cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/67368/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP10 · S14
Cameroon TribuneProduction: les acteurs en présence
Date: 11 May 2026cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/76600/fr.html/details_2
Cited inSiteWP01 · C30WP02 · S97WP03 · S06WP04 · S03WP05 · S107WP08 · S08WP09 · C30WP10 · S53
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Assumption 30% Products shipped by sea
Cameroon TribuneRetombées: plus de 197 000 emplois créés en 2025
Date: 8 May 2026cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/76537/en.html/details_2
Cited inWP08 · S17
Cameroon TribuneUniversité d’Ebolowa: le PCA et le recteur en fonction
Date: 8 Aug 2022cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/50294/fr.html/details_2
Cited inWP08 · S77
Cameroon TribuneZone industrielle intégrée de Kribi: les atouts dévoilés
Date: 17 June 2026cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/77752/en.html/zone-industriell…
Cited inWP02 · S15
Cameroun24Gaz du Cameroun en chute libre: -62,9% de livraisons en 2024
Date: c. Apr 2026cameroun24.net/article/73653-gaz-du-cameroun-en-chute-libre-62-…
Cited inWP05 · S85
Daba Finance (republished by AllAfrica)Cameroon plans $3.1B iron ore push starting 2026
Date: 14 Feb 2026dabafinance.com/en/news/cameroon-mining-investment-2026-2030
Cited inWP01 · O29WP02 · S43WP04 · S72
DanieliSuez Steel sets new benchmark in energy consumption for DRI production
Date: 16 Apr 2026danieli.com/en/news-media/news/suez-steel-sets-new-benchmark-en…
Cited inWP01 · T10WP03 · S48WP04 · S157WP05 · S41WP06 · S16WP09 · T10
Ecofin AgencyCameroon to allocate 92% of 2026 public works budget to road construction and maintenance
Date: 12 Nov 2025ecofinagency.com/news-infrastructures/1211-50392-cameroon-to-al…
Cited inWP04 · S86
Ecofin AgencyCameroon: Atlantic Group amends investment agreement for 1-million-tonne Kribi cement plant
Date: 27 February 2026ecofinagency.com/news-industry/2702-53339-cameroon-atlantic-gro…
Cited inWP02 · S37
Ecofin AgencyGuinea takes first step toward processing Simandou iron ore at home
Date: 19 Jun 2026ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1906-56609-guinea-takes-first-st…
Cited inWP01 · N09
Ecofin AgencyNigeria in talks with Chinese firm over $2 billion Ajaokuta steel plant revival
Date: 2 Mar 2026ecofinagency.com/news/0203-53385-nigeria-in-talks-with-chinese-…
Cited inWP09 · W15
Ecofin Agency; Business in CameroonCameroon launches $860m Kribi industrial zone; PAK, AGL, Arise IIP and Belmont launch €795m KPIZ
Date: 27 Feb 2026ecofinagency.com/news/2702-53326-cameroon-launches-860m-kribi-i…
Cited inSiteWP05 · S77WP07 · K03WP08 · S39
EcoMatinAu Cameroun, le port de Kribi revendique la place de premier terminal à conteneurs
Date: 22 Apr 2026ecomatin.net/au-cameroun-le-port-de-kribi-revendique-la-place-d…
Cited inSiteWP01 · E44WP04 · S99WP09 · E44
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 12.7 Mt (2025) Total traffic of the Port of Kribi
- Reported 12.7 Mt Port of Kribi traffic in 2025, with 555,398 TEU
- Reported 22 Apr 2026 Kribi claims the rank of the country’s largest container terminal
EcoMatinAutoroute Yaoundé-Douala: l’État recherche un partenaire pour la phase II
Date: 30 Mar 2020ecomatin.net/autoroute-yaounde-douala-letat-recherche-un-parten…
Cited inWP04 · S98
EcoMatinCameroun: 3 600 logements sociaux construits en 5 ans, soit 21,2% de l’objectif (SND30 mid-term evaluation)
Date: 29 Jan 2026ecomatin.net/cameroun-3-600-logements-sociaux-construits-en-5-a…
Cited inWP04 · S79
EcoMatinCameroun: en 2023, l’État n’a collecté que 5 milliards de recettes auprès des travailleurs étrangers
Date: 26 Jan 2024ecomatin.net/cameroun-en-2023-letat-na-collecte-que-5-milliards…
Cited inWP08 · S31
EcoMatinCameroun: l’État ambitionne doper sa production de ciment de plus de 50% en 2025
Date: 19 Mar 2025ecomatin.net/cameroun-letat-ambitionne-doper-sa-production-de-c…
Cited inWP04 · S106
EcoMatinCameroun: le ghanéen Empire Cement veut implanter une cimenterie d’1 Mt à Douala
Date: 6 Aug 2025ecomatin.net/cameroun-le-ghaneen-empire-cement-veut-implanter-u…
Cited inWP04 · S103
EcoMatinCameroun: les premières exportations du fer de Mbalam repoussées au 1er trimestre 2026
Date: 4 Dec 2025ecomatin.net/cameroun-les-premieres-exportations-du-fer-de-mbal…
Cited inWP01 · O24
EcoMatinCameroun: malgré un bond de son activité, les bénéfices du port de Kribi chutent de 38% en 2023
Date: 2 July 2024ecomatin.net/cameroun-malgre-un-bond-de-son-activite-les-benefi…
Cited inWP02 · S117
EcoMatinCameroun: pour non-respect des normes, le fer à béton de la société […] retiré du marché (name of the producer omitted here)
Date: 21 Oct 2024Cited by title and date
Cited inWP10 · S04
EcoMatinCameroun: Prometal (Hayssam El Jammal) se dote de deux nouvelles usines de production d’aciers
Date: 19 Jan 2024ecomatin.net/cameroun-prometal-hayssam-el-jammal-se-dote-de-deu…
Cited inWP01 · C26WP04 · S118
EcoMatinCameroun: Quifeurou obtient un prêt de 9 milliards FCFA pour une usine de fer à béton à Douala
Date: 26 Aug 2025ecomatin.net/cameroun-quifeurou-obtient-un-pret-de-9-milliards-…
Cited inWP01 · C36WP04 · S121
EcoMatinCameroun: vers la création d’un fonds national pour financer la formation professionnelle
Date: 10 Dec 2024ecomatin.net/cameroun-vers-la-creation-dun-fonds-national-pour-…
Cited inWP08 · S29
EcoMatinCEMAC: les réserves de change progressent de 9% à 7 515 milliards FCFA à fin janvier 2025
Date: 1 Apr 2025ecomatin.net/cemac-les-reserves-de-change-progressent-de-9-a-7-…
Cited inWP09 · P08
EcoMatinCentres de formation professionnelle: 2 694 formateurs exercent sans diplôme au Cameroun
Date: 30 Jan 2026ecomatin.net/centres-de-formation-professionnelle-2-694-formate…
Cited inWP08 · S28
EcoMatinCommerce sous-régional: plus de 1000 produits camerounais circulent en Afrique centrale en franchise de douane
Date: 14 Nov 2022ecomatin.net/commerce-sous-regional-plus-de-1000-produits-camer…
Cited inWP09 · W11
EcoMatinÉlectricité: les aciéries s’insurgent contre la hausse des tarifs
Date: 10 Jan 2023ecomatin.net/electricite-les-acieries-sinsurgent-contre-la-haus…
Cited inWP05 · S45WP09 · E41
EcoMatinFer à béton: les producteurs acceptent une baisse des prix
Date: 23 Oct 2023ecomatin.net/fer-a-beton-les-producteurs-acceptent-une-baisse-d…
EcoMatinFer de Lobé: l’État octroie le permis d’exploitation à Sinosteel
Date: 7 Sep 2022ecomatin.net/fer-de-lobe-malgre-des-contestations-letat-octroie…
Cited inWP01 · O33
EcoMatinGabon: le groupe Fokou lance une nouvelle unité d’acier à Port-Gentil
Date: 18 Sep 2026ecomatin.net/gabon-le-groupe-fokou-lance-une-nouvelle-unite-dac…
EcoMatinGaz: le Cameroun veut doper sa production de 8,5 millions de m³ par jour à partir de 2026
Date: 7 Feb 2025ecomatin.net/gaz-le-cameroun-veut-doper-sa-production-de-85-mil…
Cited inWP05 · S83
EcoMatinGisements de fer: la Libyan Foreign Bank réactive Nkout et Ntem avec des partenaires émiratis
Date: 27 May 2025ecomatin.net/cameroun-gisements-de-fer-la-libyan-foreign-bank-r…
Cited inWP01 · O44
EcoMatinHausse des tarifs d’électricité: l’ARSEL minimise l’impact sur les entreprises
Date: 6 Jan 2023ecomatin.net/hausse-des-tarifs-delectricite-larsel-minimise-lim…
Cited inWP05 · S44
EcoMatinInterdiction des importations du fer à béton: les consommateurs dénoncent la mauvaise qualité de la production locale
Date: 13 Apr 2023ecomatin.net/interdiction-des-importations-du-fer-a-beton-les-c…
Cited inWP04 · S111WP09 · C43WP10 · S10
EcoMatinL’industrie camerounaise du ciment face à des défis structurels
Date: 29 Sep 2025ecomatin.net/lindustrie-camerounaise-du-ciment-face-a-des-defis…
Cited inWP04 · S105
EcoMatinLe Gabon réduit la TVA sur le fer à béton local
Date: 4 Aug 2026ecomatin.net/le-gabon-reduit-la-tva-sur-le-fer-a-beton-local-po…
EcoMatinLutte contre la vie chère: le Cameroun limite les exportations de certains produits
Date: 27 Apr 2022ecomatin.net/lutte-contre-la-vie-chere-le-cameroun-limite-les-e…
Cited inWP01 · C58WP04 · S123WP09 · C58
EcoMatinMétallurgie: les importations du fer à béton interdites jusqu’à nouvel ordre
Date: 10 Apr 2023ecomatin.net/metallurgie-les-importations-du-fer-a-beton-interd…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C21WP03 · S69WP04 · S56WP09 · C21WP10 · S12
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 2016 Year rebar imports were suspended, re-affirmed by Customs on 3 April 2023
EcoMatinMétallurgie: les industriels dénoncent la présence du fer à béton contrefait
Date: 22 Jun 2023ecomatin.net/metallurgie-les-industriels-du-secteur-denoncent-l…
EcoMatinPort de Kribi: l’explosion du trafic commence à saturer le terminal à conteneurs
Date: 5 Oct 2026ecomatin.net/port-de-kribi-lexplosion-du-trafic-commence-a-satu…
Cited inWP01 · E45WP02 · S56WP04 · S143
EcoMatinPort de Kribi: le trafic conteneurisé bondit de 82% un an après la mise en service du 2e terminal
Date: 14 May 2026ecomatin.net/port-de-kribi-le-trafic-conteneurise-bondit-de-82-…
Cited inWP02 · S115WP04 · S100
EcoMatinPrometal, Acero Metal, Aciéries du Cameroun… qui est le plus gros consommateur d’électricité de la métallurgie camerounaise
Date: 15 Jul 2026ecomatin.net/prometal-acero-metal-acieries-du-cameroun-qui-est-…
EcoMatinSinosteel reporte les exportations du fer de Kribi-Lobé à 2027 malgré 120 milliards FCFA déjà investis
Date: 11 Mar 2026ecomatin.net/cameroun-sinosteel-reporte-les-exportations-du-fer…
Cited inWP01 · O35WP02 · S154WP03 · S81
EcoMatinUne bataille entre investisseurs bloque l’exploitation du fer de Nkout
Date: 9 Sep 2026ecomatin.net/cameroun-une-bataille-entre-investisseurs-bloque-l…
Cited inWP01 · O47
Ecomatin (L. Onguene)Le port de Kribi engage 3,5 milliards FCFA pour préparer l’arrivée de nouveaux industriels
Date: 11 May 2026ecomatin.net/cameroun-le-port-de-kribi-engage-35-milliards-fcfa…
Ecomatin (V. Bagal)Le Cameroun prépare l’exportation de son acier vers les marchés de la ZLECAf
Date: 16 Apr 2026ecomatin.net/le-cameroun-prepare-lexportation-de-son-acier-vers…
Cited inSiteWP01 · Z80WP02 · S45WP09 · W29
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Verified 10 Dec 2025 A committee for mines–metallurgy integration
EnerdataCameroon plans to build 1 GW Grand Eweng hydropower project
Date: Jul 2019enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/cameroon-plans-buil…
Cited inWP05 · S69
EnerdataCameroon’s updated NDC sets 35% conditional emission cut target for 2030
Date: 2021enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/cameroons-updated-n…
Cited inWP06 · S80
Engineering NewsBrazil’s iron-ore exports hit annual record in 2025 (Reuters, citing the Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade and Services)
Date: 7 Jan 2026engineeringnews.co.za/article/brazils-iron-ore-exports-hit-annu…
Cited inWP01 · N05
Engineering NewsWärtsilä to upgrade Cameroon-based Kribi power plant to boost reliability
Date: 22 Aug 2022engineeringnews.co.za/article/wrtsil-to-upgrade-cameroon-based-…
Cited inWP05 · S64
Engineering News (Creamer Media)Afferro more than doubles Cameroon iron-ore resource
Date: 30 May 2013engineeringnews.co.za/article/afferro-more-than-doubles-cameroo…
Cited inWP01 · O43
Engineering News (Creamer Media)More than 290 000 jobs on the line as steel sector continues its decline, Seifsa warns (S. Burger)
Date: 26 Jan 2024engineeringnews.co.za/article/more-than-290-000-jobs-on-the-lin…
Cited inWP09 · W03
EUROMETALBIR warns against sliding-scale steel green standards
accessed 10 Oct 2026eurometal.net/bir-warns-against-sliding-scale-steel-green-stand…
Cited inWP06 · S100
EUROMETALGermany introduces new green steel certification standard (Low Emission Steel Standard)
Date: Apr 2024eurometal.net/germany-introduces-new-green-steel-certification-…
Cited inWP06 · S40
FastmarketsLaunch of DR-grade iron ore pellet premium weekly indicator
Date: 1 Dec 2022fastmarkets.com/insights/launch-of-dr-grade-iron-ore-pellet-pre…
Cited inWP01 · N16
Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis)Vocational training (theme page and press release of 12 April 2023 on new apprenticeship contracts in 2022)
accessed 10 Oct 2026destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Education-Research-Cu…
Cited inWP08 · S48
Global CementDangote Cement to double production capacity in Cameroon
Date: 26 Jun 2026globalcement.com/news/20920-dangote-cement-to-double-production…
Cited inWP04 · S104
Global CementDangote exported 1Mt of clinker from Nigeria to Cameroon and Ghana in 2025
Date: 27 March 2026globalcement.com/news/20591-dangote-exported-1mt-of-clinker-fro…
Cited inWP02 · S105WP04 · S108
GMK Center62 countries implemented 207 restrictions against steel products from China
Date: 13 Oct 2025gmk.center/en/infographic/62-countries-implemented-207-restrict…
Cited inWP01 · G30WP04 · S11WP09 · G30
GMK CenterA steel plant will be built in Uganda with investments of $500 million
Date: 5 Dec 2025gmk.center/en/news/a-steel-plant-will-be-built-in-uganda-with-i…
Cited inWP04 · S66
GMK CenterAlgeria has opened a railway line for the development of the Gara Djebilet deposit
Date: 2 Feb 2026gmk.center/en/news/algeria-has-opened-a-railway-line-for-the-de…
Cited inWP01 · N15
GMK CenterAlgeria’s steel industry: why is it growing
Date: 28 Jul 2026gmk.center/en/posts/algeria-s-steel-industry-why-is-it-growing/
GMK CenterArcelorMittal South Africa and IDC resume negotiations
Date: 22 Jan 2026gmk.center/en/news/arcelormittal-south-africa-and-idc-resume-ne…
Cited inWP04 · S75
GMK CenterAverage prices for Brazilian pig iron fell by $20/t in September
Date: 4 Oct 2026gmk.center/?p=129748
Cited inWP04 · S161WP05 · S99
GMK CenterBillet prices rose by $10-40 per ton in March in regional markets
Date: 1 Apr 2026gmk.center/en/news/billet-prices-rose-by-10-40-per-ton-in-march…
Cited inWP04 · S150WP09 · G40
GMK CenterBrazil introduces import quotas on 11 types of steel products
Date: 24 Apr 2024gmk.center/en/news/brazil-introduces-import-quotas-on-11-types-…
Cited inWP01 · G29WP04 · S52
GMK CenterChina increased steel exports by 0.3% m/m in August
Date: 8 Sep 2026gmk.center/en/news/china-increased-steel-exports-by-0-3-m-m-in-…
Cited inWP04 · S44
GMK CenterChina increased steel exports by 7.5% y/y in 2025
Date: 14 Jan 2026gmk.center/en/news/china-increased-steel-exports-by-7-5-y-y-in-…
Cited inWP01 · G19WP04 · S10WP09 · G19
GMK CenterChina’s rapidly growing steel exports will lose momentum from 2026 onwards
Date: 24 Dec 2025gmk.center/en/infographic/china-s-rapidly-growing-steel-exports…
Cited inWP01 · G20WP04 · S37WP09 · G20
GMK CenterChina’s Stellar Steel invests $450 million in a new steel plant in Nigeria
Date: 27 Oct 2025gmk.center/en/news/china-s-stellar-steel-invests-450-million-in…
Cited inWP01 · A16WP04 · S65WP09 · A16
GMK CenterEgypt has imposed a temporary duty on imports of HRC at 13.6%
Date: 15 Sep 2025gmk.center/en/news/egypt-has-imposed-a-temporary-duty-on-import…
Cited inWP01 · A06WP04 · S53WP09 · A06
GMK CenterEgypt’s steel industry: protection from within
Date: 23 Jul 2026gmk.center/en/posts/egypt-s-steel-industry-protection-from-with…
Cited inWP01 · A07WP04 · S54WP09 · A07
GMK CenterGlobal scrap consumption rose by 4.5% y/y in 2025 (BIR World Steel Recycling in Figures)
Date: 4 Jun 2026gmk.center/en/news/global-scrap-consumption-rose-by-4-5-y-y-in-…
Cited inWP03 · S64
GMK CenterIndia considers new three-year protective duty on steel imports
Date: 26 Nov 2025gmk.center/en/news/india-considers-new-three-year-protective-du…
Cited inWP04 · S50
GMK CenterIndia imposes a temporary 12% safeguard duty on certain steel imports
Date: 22 Apr 2025gmk.center/en/news/india-imposes-a-temporary-12-safeguard-duty-…
Cited inWP04 · S49
GMK CenterKey global markets are set for a rise in rebar prices
Date: 17 Sep 2026gmk.center/en/news/key-global-markets-are-set-for-a-rise-in-reb…
Cited inWP04 · S149WP09 · G39
GMK CenterLicensing of steel exports from China should ease trade tensions
Date: 19 Dec 2025gmk.center/en/news/licensing-of-steel-exports-from-china-should…
Cited inWP04 · S45WP09 · G21
GMK CenterMauritania’s steel market poised for growth
Date: 31 Aug 2026gmk.center/en/posts/mauritania-s-steel-market-poised-for-growth/
Cited inWP04 · S74
GMK CenterMENA will need an additional 30-40 million tons of DR pellets in the near future
Date: 24 Nov 2025gmk.center/en/news/mena-will-need-an-additional-30-40-million-t…
Cited inWP01 · N02
GMK CenterMexico approves tariff increases on Chinese and other Asian imports
Date: 12 Dec 2025gmk.center/en/news/mexico-approves-tariff-increases-on-chinese-…
Cited inWP04 · S48
GMK CenterOre shipments from Simandou could exceed 20 million tonnes in 2026
Date: 9 Jun 2026gmk.center/en/news/ore-shipments-from-simandou-could-exceed-20-…
Cited inWP04 · S71
GMK CenterPrices for Brazilian pig iron stabilised at $475 per tonne in August
Date: 7 Sep 2026gmk.center/en/news/prices-for-brazilian-pig-iron-stabilised-at-…
Cited inWP01 · N04
GMK CenterProtecting the steel market: how it’s done in North Africa
Date: 2 Sep 2026gmk.center/en/posts/protecting-the-steel-market-how-it-s-done-i…
GMK CenterSouth Africa imposes safeguard duty on imports of hot-rolled steel
Date: 1 Jul 2024gmk.center/en/news/south-africa-imposes-safeguard-duty-on-impor…
Cited inWP04 · S55WP09 · A08
GMK CenterStegra requires additional funding for the construction of a green plant
Date: 1 Oct 2026gmk.center/en/news/stegra-requires-additional-funding-for-the-c…
Cited inWP01 · T26WP03 · S62
GMK CenterTata Steel invests $1.2 billion in green steel technology in Jharkhand
Date: 20 Jan 2026gmk.center/en/news/tata-steel-invests-1-2-billion-in-green-stee…
Cited inWP03 · S12
GMK CenterThe first commercial shipment of iron ore from Simandou has departed for China
Date: 3 Dec 2025gmk.center/en/news/the-first-commercial-shipment-of-iron-ore-fr…
Cited inWP04 · S70
GMK CenterTurkish rebar prices declined in the second half of April
Date: 25 Apr 2025gmk.center/en/news/turkish-rebar-prices-declined-in-the-second-…
Cited inWP04 · S151
GMK CenterVietnam revises provisional anti-dumping duties on hot-rolled steel from China
Date: 13 May 2025gmk.center/en/news/vietnam-revises-provisional-anti-dumping-dut…
Cited inWP01 · G27WP04 · S51
Hitachi EnergyGerdau plant in Charlotte, US: SVC Light for EAF flicker mitigation (customer story)
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026hitachienergy.com/news-and-events/customer-stories/gerdau-plant…
Cited inWP03 · S23
Hitachi EnergyGerdau Steel: static var compensator for arc furnace operation (customer reference)
Date: n.d. (project 2007)hitachienergy.com/in/en/news-and-events/customer-stories/refere…
Cited inWP02 · S73
International Labour OrganizationWorking on a warmer planet: the impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work (as reported by UN News)
Date: 1 Jul 2019news.un.org/en/story/2019/07/1041652
Cited inWP06 · S65
Investir au CamerounPort de Kribi: 21,5 milliards de FCFA pour accroître de 30% les capacités du terminal à conteneurs
Date: 8 Oct 2026investiraucameroun.com/infrastructures/0810-23934-port-de-kribi…
Cited inWP01 · Z49WP02 · S30
Investir au CamerounPort de Kribi: un protocole d’accord signé pour un terminal agro-industriel de 50 milliards de FCFA
Date: 9 October 2026investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/0910-23942-port-de-krib…
Cited inWP02 · S19
Investir au CamerounZone industrielle Kribi: 400 milliards FCFA investis et 53 entreprises autorisées à s’implanter depuis 2018
Date: 20 May 2025investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/2005-22033-zone-industr…
Cited inWP01 · Z34WP02 · S20WP05 · S24
Jeune AfriqueYves Roger Melingui, l’homme qui veut répliquer le succès de Tanger Med au Cameroun
Date: 25 March 2026jeuneafrique.com/1775106/economie-entreprises/yves-roger-meling…
Cited inWP02 · S134
Journal du CamerounAutoroute Yaoundé-Douala phase II: 1 072 milliards F pour 141 km à livrer en 2028
Date: 17 Apr 2025fr.journalducameroun.com/autoroute-yaounde-douala-phase-ii-1072…
Cited inWP04 · S77
Journal du CamerounCameroun: bouclage du 4e RGPH, 22,7 millions d’habitants recensés
Date: 5 Oct 2026fr.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-bouclage-du-4e-rgph-227-milli…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C14WP04 · S15WP07 · H10WP08 · S19WP09 · C14
Journal du CamerounCameroun: le Mindef lance les travaux de construction d’un Centre de secours de sapeurs-pompiers à Douala
Date: 21 Feb 2024fr.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-le-mindef-lance-les-travaux-d…
Cited inWP08 · S80
Journal du CamerounCameroun: les nouveaux responsables de l’université d’Ebolowa prennent fonctions
Date: 23 Jul 2024fr.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-les-nouveaux-responsables-de-…
Cited inWP08 · S23
Journal du CamerounCameroun: logements sociaux, l’État veut lancer une base industrielle
Date: 27 May 2024fr.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-logement-sociaux-letat-veut-l…
Cited inWP04 · S97
Journal du CamerounÉnergie: Nachtigal franchit le cap des 3,6 TWh injectés dans le réseau en un an
Date: 15 Jun 2026fr.journalducameroun.com/energie-nachtigal-franchit-le-cap-des-…
Cited inWP05 · S61WP06 · S52
Journal du CamerounPort de Kribi: une dynamique industrielle portée par les financements publics
Date: 20 April 2026fr.journalducameroun.com/port-de-kribi-une-dynamique-industriel…
Cited inWP02 · S49WP05 · S74
Journal du CamerounPrometal inaugure deux usines évaluées à 57 milliards F
Date: 19 Jan 2024fr.journalducameroun.com/prometal-inaugure-deux-usines-evaluees…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C25WP04 · S117WP08 · S07WP09 · C25
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Derived 167 jobs per 100 kt/yr Direct operating jobs
Language Science Press, Berlin (open access, peer-reviewed)A grammar of Gyeli (N. Grimm), Comprehensive Grammar Library 2, publisher’s synopsis
Date: 2021 (accessed 11 Oct 2026)accessed 11 Oct 2026langsci-press.org/catalog/book/298
Cited inWP07 · H12
Mining TechnologyCameroon signs iron ore deal with Sinosteel (citing Reuters)
Date: 23 May 2022mining-technology.com/news/sinosteel-deal-iron-cameroon/
Cited inWP01 · O32WP04 · S35
Mongabay (secondary source)As a megaport rises in Cameroon, a delicate coastal ecosystem ebbs (E. Toto)
Date: 5 Apr 2024news.mongabay.com/2024/04/as-a-megaport-rises-in-cameroon-a-del…
Cited inWP07 · E13
Mongabay (secondary source)Cameroon inaugurates controversial dam despite local dissent (Y. Kenné)
Date: 10 Oct 2025news.mongabay.com/2025/10/cameroon-inaugurates-controversial-da…
Cited inWP07 · H08
Morocco World NewsTanger Med 2: Morocco inaugurates port extension (Crown Prince inaugurates Tanger Med 2, 28 June 2019)
Date: 29 June 2019moroccoworldnews.com/2019/06/79229/moroccan-port-mediterranean-…
Cited inWP02 · S133
Morocco World NewsTanger Med industrial activity hits $18.8 billion in 2025
Date: 14 April 2026moroccoworldnews.com/2026/04/286977/tanger-med-industrial-activ…
Cited inWP02 · S122
Multilateral development banks (hosted by EIB)Joint MDB methodological principles for assessment of Paris alignment of new operations (presentation)
Date: 5 Dec 2023trad.eib.org/attachments/press/05-12-2023-joint-mdb-paris-align…
Cited inWP06 · S24
Nation (Nation Media Group)Nigerian preacher TB Joshua skips trial as judge adjourns case
Date: 30 Nov 2015, updated 3 Jul 2020nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/nigerian-preacher-tb-joshua-ski…
Cited inWP10 · S24
North Sweden BusinessH2 Green Steel secures EUR 6.5 billion
Date: 22 Jan 2024northswedenbusiness.com/news/2024/januari/h2-green-steel-secure…
Cited inWP01 · T24WP03 · S61
Nucor Corp.Nucor to build new rebar micro mill in North Carolina
Date: 7 Apr 2022nucor.com/news-release/nucor-to-build-new-rebar-micro-mill-in-n…
Cited inSiteWP01 · T20WP03 · S57WP04 · S128WP08 · S03WP09 · T20
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Assumption 267 jobs per 100 kt/yr Workforce at the construction peak
Oxford University PressAsia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization (A. H. Amsden)
Date: 1989 (online edition 1992)doi.org/10.1093/0195076036.001.0001
Cited inWP09 · W26
Oxford University PressManufacturing Revolutions: Industrial Policy and Industrialization in South Korea (N. Lane), Quarterly Journal of Economics 140(3), pp. 1683-1741
Date: May 2025doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaf025
Cited inWP09 · W04
P. C. Bame, B. E. Yamb, B. Ndigui; Scientific Research PublishingAssessment of Deviation in Quality of Steel Reinforcing Bars Used in Some Building Sites in Cameroon. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 11(4), pp. 917 to 931
Date: 2023doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2023.114061
Cited inWP10 · S19
Primetals TechnologiesMAEGMA Minerals partners with Primetals Technologies for MIDREX Flex plant
Date: 10 Jun 2025primetals.com/en/news/maegma-minerals-partners-with-primetals-t…
Cited inWP03 · S83
ReCOVERY magazineSlag recycling: valuable by-products (Euroslag 2018 statistics for steelworks slag)
Date: February 2020recovery-worldwide.com/en/artikel/slag-recycling-3528047.html
Cited inWP02 · S155
Recycling Product NewsGlobal recycled steel use reaches 630 million tonnes (BIR, World Steel Recycling in Figures)
Date: 2026recyclingproductnews.com/article/43829/global-recycled-steel-us…
Cited inWP06 · S68
Recycling TodayBefesa: steel dust and aluminium by-products recycling results 2024
Date: 2025recyclingtoday.com/news/befesa-steel-aluminum-byproducts-recycl…
Cited inWP06 · S70
ResponsibleSteelRevisions to ResponsibleSteel’s Principle 10: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
Date: 23 Apr 2024responsiblesteel.org/news/revisions-to-responsiblesteels-princi…
Cited inWP06 · S38
RigzoneGolar, partners approve first vessel in Argentine gas export project
Date: 6 May 2025rigzone.com/news/golar_partners_approve_first_vessel_in_argenti…
Cited inWP01 · E08WP05 · S90WP09 · E08
Rio TintoSimandou partners celebrate start of operations
Date: 11 Nov 2025riotinto.com/en/news/releases/2025/simandou-partners-celebrate-…
Cited inWP01 · A10WP04 · S69
Southern African Institute of Mining and MetallurgyPlaul F. J., Böhm C., Schenk J. L., Fluidized-bed technology for the production of iron products for steelmaking, Journal of the SAIMM 109(2)
Date: Feb 2009scielo.org.za/pdf/jsaimm/v109n2/05.pdf
Cited inWP03 · S11
SteelOrbisBPI and HBI prices on the rise in Europe
Date: 23 Jan 2026steelorbis.com/steel-prices/steel-prices-market-analyses/scrap-…
Cited inWP01 · N03
SteelOrbisEuropean buyers uninterested in BPI and HBI purchases, prices up nominally due to freight
Date: 16 Mar 2026steelorbis.com/steel-prices/steel-prices-market-analyses/scrap-…
Cited inWP04 · S159WP05 · S18
SteelOrbisGlobal HBI market bullish amid tight supply, ex-Libya tender closure to give further direction
Date: 15 May 2026steelorbis.com/steel-prices/steel-prices-market-analyses/scrap-…
Cited inWP04 · S160WP09 · W10
SteelOrbisGSM Tanzania selects Danieli Technologies for new rebar and wire rod mill
Date: 15 Sep 2026steelorbis.com/steel-news/latest-news/gsm-tanzania-selects-dani…
Cited inWP03 · S47
Tanger Med Port AuthorityPort activity report in 2025: Tanger Med surpasses the 11 million containers mark (press release)
Date: 2 February 2026tangermed.ma/wp-content/uploads/press-releases/2026/CP-TMPA-POR…
Cited inWP02 · S121
Tata SteelTata Steel’s SNTI celebrates century of skilling industrious workforce (press release)
Date: 1 Nov 2021tatasteel.com/newsroom/press-releases/india/2021/tata-steel-s-s…
Cited inWP08 · S43
Tata Steel newsroomTata Steel introduces first batch of women fire fighter trainees (The Avenue Mail)
Date: 9 Sep 2023tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/in-the-news/2023/tata-steel-introd…
Cited inWP08 · S45
University of Chicago PressTariff Protection in Industrial Countries: An Evaluation (B. Balassa), Journal of Political Economy 73(6), pp. 573-594
Date: Dec 1965doi.org/10.1086/259085
Cited inWP09 · W21
University of Chicago PressThe Structure of a Tariff System and the Effective Protective Rate (W. M. Corden), Journal of Political Economy 74(3), pp. 221-237
Date: Jun 1966doi.org/10.1086/259151
Cited inWP09 · W20
West Virginia Public BroadcastingRebar manufacturing facility coming to Eastern Panhandle
Date: 8 Dec 2022wvpublic.org/story/economy/rebar-manufacturing-facility-coming-…
Cited inWP01 · T23WP08 · S04WP09 · T23
WV PressWest Virginia announces Commercial Metals Company to build $450 million micro steelmaking mill in Berkeley County
Date: 8 Dec 2022wvpress.org/breaking-news/west-virginia-announces-commercial-me…
Cited inWP03 · S59WP04 · S168
Y. L. Shuaib-Babata and othersQuality evaluation of commercially available steels in some selected Nigerian markets. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara, International Journal of Engineering
Date: 2019uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/20.500.12484/11417
Cited inWP10 · S79
Yale University PressThe Strategy of Economic Development (A. O. Hirschman)
Date: 1958search.worldcat.org/search?q=ti%3AThe+Strategy+of+Economic+Deve…
Cited inWP09 · W28
Datasets and statistics 37
Commercial Metals Company (US Securities and Exchange Commission, EDGAR)Annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 August 2025 ("Any reference in this Annual Report to a ton refers to the U.S. short ton, a unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds")
Date: Fiscal year 2025 (accessed 11 Oct 2026)accessed 11 Oct 2026sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/22444/000002244425000138/cmc-202508…
Cited inWP08 · S82
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service; Open-MeteoCAMS global atmospheric composition reanalysis (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, dust), accessed through the Open-Meteo air quality API
accessed 10 Oct 2026open-meteo.com/en/docs/air-quality-api
Cited inWP07 · E05
ECMWF / Open-MeteoERA5 reanalysis, daily series 1991 to 2020 for the Kribi grid cell (rainfall and temperature), via the Open-Meteo archive API
accessed 10 Oct 2026archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=2.75&longitude=1…
Cited inWP06 · S64
ECMWF Copernicus / Open-MeteoCopernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global reanalysis, PM2.5 for the grid cell nearest the Port of Kribi, 2024 to 2025 (via the Open-Meteo air-quality API)
air-quality-api.open-meteo.com/v1/air-quality
Cited inWP02 · S92
ECMWF Copernicus / Open-MeteoERA5 reanalysis, daily precipitation 1991 to 2020 for the ERA5 grid cell nearest Kribi (via the Open-Meteo archive API)
archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive
Cited inWP02 · S83
European Central BankEuro foreign exchange reference rates, US dollar, monthly averages (series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A)
accessed 10 Oct 2026data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/EXR/M.USD.EUR.SP00.A
Cited inWP09 · W13
European CommissionFactsheet: Action Plan on Steel and Metals
Date: Mar 2025ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/attachment/880887…
Cited inWP06 · S36
European Commission, Joint Research CentrePVGIS v5.3 web services (PVcalc, DRcalc), Kribi 2.94 N 9.91 E, PVGIS-SARAH3 2005 to 2023
accessed 10 Oct 2026re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/
Cited inWP05 · S19
Golar LNG LtdGolar signs Heads of Agreement for the development of a Floating Liquefaction export project in Cameroon (news release, filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 6-K)
Date: 24 Dec 2014sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001207179/000117184314006037/newsr…
Cited inWP05 · S84
IMFWorld Economic Outlook DataMapper API (NGDP_RPCH, NGDPD, PCPIPCH, CMR)
Date: Apr 2026 WEOimf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1/NGDP_RPCH/CMR
Cited inWP04 · S81WP09 · C10
International Energy AgencyAchieving Net Zero Heavy Industry Sectors in G7 Members
Date: 19 May 2022iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c4d96342-f626-4aea-8dac-df1d1e…
Cited inWP03 · S52WP05 · S20WP06 · S06
Mémoire OnlineLe port de Kribi: force ou menace pour la proposition d’inscription des chutes de la Lobé sur la liste du patrimoine mondial (dissertation; cites Arrêté n° 156/MINDAF of 6 February 2009 and Décret n° 2010/3312/PM of 30 November 2010)
Date: 2021memoireonline.com/12/21/12599/m_Le-port-de-Kribi-Force-ou-menac…
Cited inWP02 · S157WP07 · H03
NASA Langley Research CenterPOWER climatology API, parameters T2M, RH2M, PRECTOTCORR, 1991 to 2020, at Douala, Kribi, Yaoundé and Garoua
accessed 10 Oct 2026power.larc.nasa.gov/api/temporal/climatology/point?parameters=T…
Cited inWP10 · S50
NASA; OpenTopoDataSRTM 30 m digital surface model, accessed through the OpenTopoData API
accessed 10 Oct 2026opentopodata.org/datasets/srtm/
Cited inWP06 · S106WP07 · E17
Natural EarthNatural Earth 1:50m Cultural Vectors, Admin 0 countries (version 5)
Cited inWP02 · S110WP07 · E12
OpenStreetMap contributorsOpenStreetMap place data for the ten cities of Figure 3.1, retrieved through the Nominatim geocoder (Open Database Licence)
accessed 10 Oct 2026nominatim.openstreetmap.org/
Cited inWP08 · S75
OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)OpenStreetMap power features (lines, substations, plants), southern Cameroon, via the Overpass API; Kribi base extract (coast, roads, land use)
Date: Extracts 24 Jul and 10 Oct 2026openstreetmap.org
Cited inWP05 · S60WP07 · E11
OpenStreetMap FoundationOpenStreetMap extract for the Kribi area (Overpass API, data base 24 July 2026), © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL
Date: 24 July 2026openstreetmap.org/copyright
Cited inWP02 · S111
Our World in DataCarbon intensity of electricity generation (Ember data), Cameroon
ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-intensity-electricity
Cited inSiteWP01 · E56WP02 · S78WP03 · S07WP05 · S10WP06 · S48WP07 · T04
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 226 g CO₂/kWh Grid carbon intensity (2024)
- Sourced 226 g CO₂/kWh Carbon intensity of the Cameroon grid (2024)
Our World in DataElectricity production by source (Ember and Energy Institute data), Cameroon
UN Statistics DivisionUN Comtrade public API, Cameroon (reporter 120), HS 72/73 and 6-digit lines, 2019-2023
accessed 10 Oct 2026comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=120&pe…
Cited inSiteWP01 · C06WP04 · S05WP05 · S11WP09 · C06
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 4,900 t Rebar (2022)
- Sourced 7,800 t Wire rod (2023)
- Sourced 26,600 t Sections (2020)
and 1 more
- Derived 96,000 t Flat products (2022–2023)
UN Statistics DivisionUN Comtrade public API, CEMAC & Nigeria (reporters 266 Gabon, 178 Congo, 140 CAR, 566 Nigeria; mirror partners 148 Chad, 226 Eq. Guinea)
accessed 10 Oct 2026comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=266&pe…
Cited inWP01 · C07WP04 · S06WP09 · C07
United Nations Statistics DivisionUN Comtrade public API, Cameroon (reporter 120), imports and exports by HS line, chapters 72 and 73, 2019 to 2023
accessed 10 Oct 2026comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=120&pe…
Cited inWP10 · S52
United Nations Statistics DivisionUN Comtrade public API: Cameroon (reporter 120), HS 72 and 73 and six-digit lines, 2019 to 2023
accessed 10 Oct 2026comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=120&pe…
Cited inWP03 · S05
United Nations Statistics DivisionUN Comtrade public API: Cameroon (reporter 120), imports of HS 7207 (semi-finished iron and steel, including billets), 2023
accessed 10 Oct 2026comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=120&pe…
Cited inSiteWP08 · S76
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 161 kt Billets imported in 2023, the largest steel import (78% from Indonesia)
- Sourced 161,400 t Billets (2023)
United Nations Statistics DivisionUN Comtrade public API: Cameroon and CEMAC members, HS 72 and 73 imports, 2019 to 2024
comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS
Cited inWP02 · S94
World BankEnterprise Surveys indicator: firms offering formal training (% of firms), Cameroon and Sub-Saharan Africa
Date: upd. 8 Oct 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/IC.FRM.TRNG.ZS?forma…
Cited inWP08 · S15
World BankPopulation estimates and projections (source 40): SP.POP.TOTL and SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, 2025 to 2040
Date: updated 1 Jul 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?source=4…
Cited inWP04 · S18
World BankWDI API: NV.IND.MANF.ZS; NV.IND.TOTL.ZS (CMR)
Date: upd. 8 Oct 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS?forma…
Cited inWP09 · P12
World BankWDI API: SP.POP.TOTL; SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS (CMR)
Date: updated 8 Oct 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=j…
Cited inWP01 · C13WP04 · S14WP09 · C13
World BankWorld Development Indicators API: population, GDP (current US$), GDP growth, urban share for CMR, TCD, GAB, COG, GNQ, CAF, NGA
Date: updated 8 Oct 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR
Cited inWP04 · S132
World BankWorld Development Indicators, Cameroon: population by age, labour force, ILO modelled labour indicators, Human Capital Index
Date: upd. 8 Oct 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?forma…
Cited inWP08 · S14
World Bank / UNCTADWITS TRAINS API, Cameroon reported MFN tariffs by HS6 (2023)
accessed 10 Oct 2026wits.worldbank.org/API/V1/SDMX/V21/datasource/TRN/reporter/120/…
Cited inWP01 · P24WP04 · S23WP09 · P24
World Bank and UNESCO UISEducation indicators (UNESCO Institute for Statistics) via World Development Indicators: enrolment, vocational share, graduates by field, attainment, spending
Date: upd. 8 Oct 2026api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/SE.SEC.ENRL.VO.ZS?fo…
Cited inWP08 · S16
worldsteelDecember 2025 crude steel production and 2025 global totals
Date: 23 Jan 2026worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/december-2025-crude-st…
worldsteelWorld Steel in Figures 2025
Date: Jun 2025worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures/world-steel-in-figur…
Cited inWP01 · G06WP04 · S12WP09 · G06
worldsteelWorld Steel in Figures 2026 (page and PDF)
Date: 4 Jun 2026worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures/world-steel-in-figur…
Cited inSiteWP01 · G05WP02 · S95WP03 · S41WP04 · S02WP05 · S95WP06 · S03WP09 · G05
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 30.3% Electric route share of world crude steel in 2025; 50% of capacity in development
- Derived 15 to 20 kg/person Steel use per person in Cameroon, depending on the population count (15 kg on the World Bank’s 2025 estimate, about 20 kg on the provisional 2026 census), against 29.2 kg in Africa and 209 kg worldwide
Industry, research and other publications 149
AfCFTA SecretariatAfCFTA e-Tariff Book
Cited inWP01 · P31WP04 · S140WP09 · P31
AfCFTA SecretariatAfCFTA Secretary-General urges shift from automotive rules to investment and jobs
Date: 2 Oct 2026au-afcfta.org/2026/10/afcfta-secretary-general-urges-shift-from…
Cited inWP04 · S141WP09 · P30
AfCFTA SecretariatGuided Trade Initiative
au-afcfta.org/guided-trade-initiative/
Cited inWP09 · P29
AFNORNF A 35-080-1 Aciers pour béton armé: aciers soudables, partie 1: barres et couronnes
Date: current editionboutique.afnor.org
Cited inWP10 · S42
AFNORNF A35-016 Concrete reinforcing steels, weldable ribbed bars and coils of grade FeE500 (catalogue record)
Date: catalogue accessed Oct 2026boutique.afnor.org/en-gb/standard/nf-a35016/concrete-reinforcin…
Cited inWP10 · S72
Afrik.comMbalam-Nabeba: production de fer lancée, exportations retardées en 2026
Date: 7 Apr 2026afrik.com/mbalam-nabeba-production-de-fer-lancee-exportations-r…
Cited inWP01 · O27WP02 · S170
Agence française de développementFormer des ouvriers et techniciens qualifiés dans des métiers porteurs (project page)
accessed 10 Oct 2026afd.fr/fr/projets/former-des-ouvriers-et-techniciens-qualifies-…
Cited inWP08 · S25
Agora Industry15 Insights on the Global Steel Transformation
Date: 15 Jun 2023agora-industry.org/publications/15-insights-on-the-global-steel…
Agora Industry and Cambridge EconometricsGreen Iron, Shared Gains
Date: 8 Oct 2026agora-industry.org/publications/green-iron-shared-gains
Cited inWP06 · S12
AISTArcelorMittal takes ownership of Brazilian slab plant
Date: Mar 2023aist.org/arcelormittal-takes-ownership-of-brazilian-slab-plant
Cited inWP01 · N07
AISTDanieli implements new hot billet charging system at Acciaierie di Sicilia
Date: 10 Aug 2023aist.org/danieli-implements-new-hot-billet-charging-system-at-a…
Cited inWP03 · S95
AISTHòa Phát Group proposes development of Thạch Khê iron ore mine
Date: 27 May 2026aist.org/hoa-phat-group-proposes-development-of-thach-khe-iron-…
Cited inWP01 · N13
AISTSiemens puts twin ladle furnace into operation for ArcelorMittal Bremen
Date: Apr 2013aist.org/siemens-puts-twin-ladle-furnace-into-operation-for-arc…
Cited inWP03 · S46
AISUAhmed Ezz: Opening African Markets… (Alamein-Africa Business Forum)
Date: 6 Oct 2026aisusteel.org/en/archives/40504
Cited inWP04 · S73
AISUSteel production in Arab countries increased by 7.2% in 2025
Date: 26 Jan 2026aisusteel.org/en/archives/39369
Cited inWP04 · S60
AISUWeekly steel prices (archive 23160)
Date: 22 Oct 2023aisusteel.org/en/archives/23160
Cited inWP01 · G37WP04 · S147WP09 · G37
AISUWeekly steel prices (archive 29546)
Date: 6 Oct 2024aisusteel.org/en/archives/29546
Cited inWP01 · G38WP04 · S148WP09 · G38
AISUWeekly steel prices (archive 30176)
Date: 5 Nov 2024aisusteel.org/en/archives/30176
Cited inWP01 · G36WP04 · S146WP09 · G36
AISUWeekly steel prices (archive 36573)
Date: 18 Oct 2025aisusteel.org/en/archives/36573
Cited inWP01 · G35WP04 · S145WP09 · G35
Algérie EcoTosyali Algérie: mise en service du complexe des tôles d’acier plat (2,5 Mt)
Date: 28 Nov 2024algerie-eco.com/2024/11/28/tosyali-algerie-mise-en-service-du-c…
Cited inWP04 · S119WP08 · S06WP09 · A25
American Economic AssociationThe Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society (A. O. Krueger), American Economic Review 64(3), pp. 291-303
Date: Jun 1974jstor.org/stable/1808883
Cited inWP09 · W22
Annual ReviewsThe New Economics of Industrial Policy (R. Juhász, N. Lane, D. Rodrik), Annual Review of Economics 16, pp. 213-242
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Cited inWP09 · W25
Arab Iron & Steel Union (AISU)Weekly steel prices (archive 40468)
Date: 3 Oct 2026aisusteel.org/en/archives/40468
Cited inWP01 · G34WP02 · S165WP04 · S22WP05 · S09WP06 · S96WP09 · G34
ASTM InternationalASTM A615/A615M Standard specification for deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete reinforcement
Date: current editionstore.astm.org
Cited inSiteWP10 · S40WP10 · S41WP10 · S58WP10 · S59WP10 · S77
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 420 MPa ASTM A615 Grade 60 minimum yield (60 ksi); tensile strength ≥ 620 MPa
British Standards Institution (BSI)BS 4449:2005+A3:2016 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing steel. Bar, coil and decoiled product. Specification
Date: 2016boutique.afnor.org/en-gb/standard/bs-44492005-a32016/steel-for-…
Cited inSiteWP10 · S38
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 500 MPa B500B characteristic yield strength; Rm/Re ≥ 1.08 and elongation Agt ≥ 5.0%
BSIBS 6744:2016 Stainless steel bars for the reinforcement of and use in concrete
Date: 2016knowledge.bsigroup.com
Cited inWP10 · S60WP10 · S63WP10 · S67
BusinessDay (Nigeria)Ajaokuta Steel factory to begin production after 40 years
Date: 18 Jun 2018businessday.ng/exclusives/article/ajaokuta-steel-factory-open-4…
Cited inWP09 · W14
Capital FM KenyaDevki opens Sh50bn steel plant in Kwale
Date: 20 Nov 2022capitalfm.africa/devki-opens-sh50bn-steel-plant-in-kwale/
CBAMguideCBAM steel 2026: CN codes, emission factors, costs and compliance guide (route classification), secondary source
accessed 10 Oct 2026cbamguide.com/sectors/steel/
Cited inWP06 · S93
CENEN 10080 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing steel. General
Cited by title and date
Cited inSite
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 500 MPa B500B characteristic yield strength; Rm/Re ≥ 1.08 and elongation Agt ≥ 5.0%
- Derived 0.006165·d² kg/m Nominal mass per metre of a bar of diameter d (mm), for a density of 7,850 kg/m³
Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa (CAHF)2024 Housing Finance Yearbook, Cameroon profile
Date: Jan 2024 (PDF Mar 2025)housingfinanceafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CAMEROON.pdf
Cited inWP01 · C15WP04 · S78WP09 · C15
Chambers & PartnersInvesting In… 2026: Cameroon
Date: 2026gpg-pdf.chambers.com/investing-in-2026/107/
Cited inWP01 · Z41
Chambers Global Practice GuidesMining 2026, Cameroon (Chazai Wamba)
Date: updated 27 Jan 2026practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/mining-2026/cameroon
Columbia Center on Sustainable InvestmentDownstream beneficiation case study: Oman (J. Talkin), CCSI policy paper
Date: March 2016ccsi.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/docs/our%20focus/…
Cited inWP02 · S127
Commercial Metals Company (CMC)Engineering Bulletin #1: Mechanical properties, ChromX (ASTM A1035) compared with ASTM A615 Grades 60, 80 and 100
Date: 12 May 2021cmc.com/getmedia/83bc1448-b2ed-47b1-9b4e-56951d4b7212/1_Mechani…
Cited inWP10 · S35
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI), hosted by New Jersey Institute of TechnologyRebar 101 (presentation: ASTM bar specifications, tensile and elongation tables, permissible variation in weight, marking)
web.njit.edu/~washd/cim101/download/notes/CRSI/Rebar101_Univers…
Cited inWP10 · S34
CRM GroupTEMPCORE: quench and self-tempering process for reinforcing bars
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026old.crmgroup.be/en/industrialised-results/bulk-processes/tempco…
Cited inWP03 · S28
CSIR National Metallurgical Laboratory, IndiaDevelopment of synthetic flux and a process for de-phosphorization of steel in induction furnace
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026nmlindia.org/node/288
Cited inWP03 · S10
CSTB; Eyrolles (Fascicule 62, titre I, section I)BAEL 91 révisé 99: Règles techniques de conception et de calcul des ouvrages et constructions en béton armé suivant la méthode des états limites
Date: 2000Cited by title and date
Cited inWP10 · S82
Cultural SurvivalPipelines, parks, and people: Bagyeli document land use near Campo Ma’an National Park (J. Nelson and B. Tchoumba), Cultural Survival Quarterly 28-1
Date: 2004 (web edition 7 May 2010)culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/p…
Cited inWP07 · H06
Dangote Cement PlcAnnual Report and Accounts 2025
Date: Jun 2026cement.dangote.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Dangote-Cememt-Pl…
Cited inWP08 · S42
DanieliB5Plus Group awards Danieli bar and wire-rod mill project
Date: 23 Sep 2026danieli.com/en/B5Plus-Group-awards-Danieli-bar-and-wirerod-mill…
DanieliElectric heating systems (Q-Heat induction heaters)
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026danieli.com/en/danieli-green-metal/electric-heating-systems.htm
Cited inWP03 · S97
DanieliGSM Tanzania selects Danieli for new rebar and wire-rod mill
Date: 14 Sep 2026danieli.com/en/GSM-Tanzania-selects-Danieli-for-new-rebar-and-w…
Diário do ComércioProdução de aço bruto cai 1,1% em Minas Gerais e 1,6% no Brasil em 2025 (Instituto Aço Brasil data)
Date: 20 Jan 2026diariodocomercio.com.br/economia/producao-aco-minas-gerais-bras…
Cited inWP01 · N06
DoBeS programme (Documentation of Endangered Languages), Max Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsBagyeli/Bakola documentation project: geography
accessed 11 Oct 2026dobes.mpi.nl/?p=984
Cited inWP07 · H05
Economic ConfidentialSON seals 13 steel firms for standards infractions
Date: 11 Feb 2020economicconfidential.com/son-seals-firms-standards-infractions/
Cited inWP10 · S25
Economic Policy InstituteUpdated employment multipliers for the U.S. economy (J. Bivens)
Date: 23 Jan 2019epi.org/publication/updated-employment-multipliers-for-the-u-s-…
Cited inWP09 · W01
EDF CamerounKikot-Mbebe hydroelectric scheme
accessed 10 Oct 2026cameroun.edf.com/en/our-activities/hydropower/kikot-mbebe-hydro…
Cited inWP04 · S94
Electrotek Concepts, Inc. (copy published by PowerQuality.blog, 28 February 2022)Electric arc furnace modeling for voltage flicker evaluation (PQSoft case study, document PQS0313)
Date: 16 April 2003powerquality.blog/2022/02/28/electric-arc-furnace-modeling-for-…
Cited inWP02 · S72
ElsevierImport substitution (H. J. Bruton), Handbook of Development Economics, vol. 2, chapter 30, pp. 1601-1644
Date: 1989doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(89
Cited inWP09 · W23
Emirates Global AluminiumJebel Ali smelter (operations page)
ega.ae/en/about-us/operations/jebel-ali
Cited inWP02 · S124
EnergizeNamibia opens renewables-powered green iron plant
Date: 15 Apr 2025energize.co.za/article/namibia-opens-renewables-powered-green-i…
Cited inWP05 · S106WP06 · S78
Energy Transitions CommissionMission Possible sectoral focus: Steel
Date: 2019 (Mission Possible, Nov 2018)energy-transitions.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ETC-sectoral-…
Cited inWP06 · S09
ENSP YaoundéENSPY homepage (departments)
Cited inSiteWP01 · K02WP02 · S156WP03 · S39WP08 · S18WP09 · K02WP10 · S85
ENSP Yaoundé / MIPROMALOBidoung J., Fomethe A., Yantio G., Melo U., La récupération et le recyclage des déchets ferromagnétiques: analyse de la situation au Cameroun (Déchets, Revue francophone d’écologie industrielle n°48)
Date: Q4 2007eid.episciences.org/7942/pdf
Cited inSiteWP01 · C42WP02 · S168WP03 · S13WP04 · S27WP05 · S98WP06 · S88WP09 · C42
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Assumption 55% Share of the value spent abroad on inputs
- Assumption 30 kt/yr Cameroonian scrap available to the plant
Equator Principles AssociationThe Equator Principles EP4
Date: July 2020equator-principles.com/app/uploads/The-Equator-Principles_EP4_J…
Cited inSiteWP02 · S89WP06 · S22WP07 · G05
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB)The Training Market 2025 (publication summary)
accessed 10 Oct 2026bibb.de/en/index.php
Cited inWP08 · S49
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB)Verzeichnis der anerkannten Ausbildungsberufe 2026 (directory of the 324 recognised training occupations)
Date: 2026bibb.de/dienst/publikationen/de/21008
Cited inWP08 · S65
Ferriere Nord S.p.A. (Pittini group)Technical specification SPF400 rev. 12, Rebars B500 (chemical, mechanical and dimensional requirements under EN 10080 and national standards)
Date: 14 Sep 2021pittini.it/wp-content/uploads/Pittini-Group-Reinforcing-Steel-B…
Cited inWP10 · S32
Forbes AfriqueAu Cameroun, l’État veut reprendre les centrales de Kribi et Dibamba à Globeleq
Date: 11 Aug 2026forbesafrique.com/au-cameroun-letat-veut-reprendre-les-centrale…
Cited inWP01 · E26WP02 · S66WP05 · S29
Former holder of the Mbalam-Nabeba project (ASX-listed)Mbalam-Nabeba project presentation, Mining Indaba 2014 (itabirite testwork)
Date: Feb 2014sdl.live.irmau.com/irm/PDF/2752_0/PresentationMiningIndaba2014
Cited inWP01 · O04
Former holder of the Mbalam-Nabeba project (ASX-listed)Mbalam-Nabeba resources and reserves statement as at 20 May 2015 (JORC)
Date: 2015sdl.live.irmau.com/irm/content/resources-reserves.aspx?RID=236
Cited inWP01 · O05
Galvanizers AssociationRecycling of electric arc furnace dust (zinc recovery, Waelz process)
Date: n.d., accessed 10 Oct 2026accessed 10 Oct 2026galvanizing.org.uk/?p=32698
Cited inWP06 · S69
GardDouala memories: salvage expert from gateway to Central Africa
Date: 6 May 2015gard.no/insights/douala-memories-salvage-expert-from-gateway-to…
Cited inWP02 · S55
GE Vernova Power ConversionModular multilevel converter based STATCOM for electrical arc furnace application: Metalfer steel mill, Serbia (case study GEA34872)
Date: Rev. 20 Feb 2024gevernova.com/power-conversion/sites/default/files/2024-02/GEA3…
Cited inWP03 · S24
Global Energy MonitorPedal to the Metal 2026
Date: May 2026globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/2026-05/Pedal%20to%…
Cited inSiteWP01 · G18WP03 · S45WP04 · S31WP06 · S14WP09 · G18
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 64 Mt/yr Iron-ore mine capacity in development in Cameroon: 9% of the global pipeline, fourth after Australia, China and Guinea
Global Energy MonitorPedal to the Metal 2026
Date: May 2026globalenergymonitor.org/report/pedal-to-the-metal-2026/
Cited inWP02 · S102
Global Energy Monitor (GEM.wiki; tertiary)Cameroon FLNG Terminal
Date: October 2026gem.wiki/Cameroon_FLNG_Terminal
Cited inWP02 · S68WP05 · S88
Global Energy Monitor (GEM.wiki; tertiary)Sentuo Steel Tema plant
Date: last edit 9 Oct 2026gem.wiki/Sentuo_Steel_Tema_plant
Cited inWP04 · S64
Global Steel Climate CouncilThe Steel Climate Standard
accessed 10 Oct 2026globalsteelclimatecouncil.org/the-standard/
Cited inWP06 · S39
Global VoicesUnchecked development threatens Cameroon’s Manyange na Elombo-Campo marine park
Date: 22 November 2025globalvoices.org/2025/11/22/unchecked-development-threatens-cam…
Cited inWP02 · S91WP07 · B05
Harvard Kennedy SchoolIndustrial Policy for the Twenty-First Century (D. Rodrik), Faculty Research Working Paper RWP04-047
Date: 2004hks.harvard.edu/publications/industrial-policy-twenty-first-cen…
Cited inWP09 · W24
IEEEIEEE Std 519-2022, IEEE Standard for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems
Date: 2022standards.ieee.org/ieee/519/10677/
Cited inWP05 · S73
IFRS Foundation, International Sustainability Standards BoardIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures
Date: Jun 2023ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigat…
Cited inWP06 · S102
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)Global high-grade iron ore market is set to grow (S. Basirat)
Date: Mar 2026ieefa.org/sites/default/files/2026-03/IEEFA_Global%20high-grade…
Cited inWP03 · S17WP06 · S76
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)Iron Ore Quality a Potential Headwind to Green Steelmaking
Date: Jun 2022ieefa.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/Iron%20Ore%20Quality%20a%…
Cited inWP06 · S75
International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC 62305 series, Protection against lightning
Date: 2010 onwardswebstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6793
Cited inWP06 · S98
International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC TR 61000-3-7, Ed. 2.0: Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems
Date: February 2008webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/4155
Cited inWP02 · S74
International Electrotechnical Commission (table title read in the preview on the VDE Verlag site; values checked against secondary reproductions)IEC TR 61000-3-7:2008, Electromagnetic compatibility, Part 3-7: Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems (Ed. 2.0); indicative planning levels for flicker: Table 2 (section 4.2.1)
Date: 2008vde-verlag.de/iec-normen/preview-pdf/info_iectr61000-3-7{ed2.0}…
Cited inWP05 · S13
International Hydropower AssociationCameroon country profile
Date: n.d., accessed Oct 2026hydropower.org/country-profiles/cameroon
Cited inWP05 · S49WP06 · S91
International Institute of Welding (IIW)Become an IIW authorised body (Authorised Nominated Bodies and Approved Training Bodies)
accessed 10 Oct 2026iiwelding.org/become-an-iiw-authorised-body/
Cited inWP08 · S78
International Institute of Welding (IIW)IIW history
accessed 10 Oct 2026iiwelding.org/about-iiw/iiw-history/
Cited inWP08 · S60
International Iron Metallics AssociationDirect Reduced Iron (DRI): specifications and handling
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026metallics.org/dri.html
Cited inWP03 · S14
International Iron Metallics AssociationHot Briquetted Iron (HBI): specifications and handling
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026metallics.org/hbi.html
Cited inWP03 · S15
International Iron Metallics AssociationPig iron
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026metallics.org/pig-iron.html
Cited inWP03 · S43
International Iron Metallics Association (IIMA)Iron ore supply for direct reduction: outlook and challenges (J. Atherton), Arab Steel Summit presentation
Date: Oct 20242024.aisusteel.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Dr-John-Atherton_…
Cited inWP01 · N01
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), CopenhagenThe Indigenous World 2026, 40th edition (general editor D. Mamo), chapter "Cameroon" (H. Hamman Bouba), pp. 43 to 50; the figures cited are on p. 44; ISBN 978-87-93961-87-6
Date: Apr 2026 (accessed 11 Oct 2026)accessed 11 Oct 2026iwgia.org/images/publications/indigenous-world/indigenous-world…
Cited inWP07 · H11
iut-dla.cmISTD / IUT Douala (homepage)
Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS)Probabilistic Model Code, Part 3: Resistance models, 3.2 Static properties of reinforcing steel
Date: 2001 editionjcss-lc.org/publications/jcsspmc/rebar.pdf
Cited inWP10 · S29
K. Tuutti; Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, StockholmCorrosion of steel in concrete. CBI Research Report 4:82
Date: 1982Cited by title and date
Cited inWP10 · S65
Khaleej TimesDubai: Jafza marks 40 years
Date: 5 May 2025khaleejtimes.com/business/dubai-jafza-40-year-anniversary
Cited inWP02 · S123
La Metallurgia Italiana (AIM)BSE-EAF: future-proof melting automated system for safe, reliable and efficient steelmaking (R. Schweikle, J. Apfel, A. Pezza), DOI 10.36146/2026_06_50
Date: Jun 2026aimnet.it/la_metallurgia_italiana/2026/giugno/Aim_giugno2026_6.…
Cited inWP03 · S75
Le360 Afrique (MAP)Le Cameroun signe avec une société chinoise une convention minière de plus de 700 millions de dollars
Date: 7 May 2022afrique.le360.ma/autres-pays/economie/2022/05/07/37953-le-camer…
Cited inWP01 · O34
Lekki Port LFTZ EnterpriseLekki Deep Sea Port: company website (terminals, shareholders, operations since 1 April 2023)
Cited inWP02 · S120
M. Akinpelu, A. Salman; Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou (repository record, Kwara State University)Evaluation of mechanical properties and chemical composition of some selected steel reinforcements used in Nigeria
Date: 2021kwasuspace.kwasu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3589
Cited inWP10 · S26
Mastercard FoundationLe programme de bourses de la Fondation Mastercard accélère son impact avec trois nouveaux partenariats en Afrique
Date: Jan 2025mastercardfdn.org/fr/articles/le-programme-de-bourses-de-la-fon…
Cited inWP08 · S79
McKinsey & Company, Metals & Mining PracticeWhy women are leaving the mining industry and what mining companies can do about it (H. Ellix, K. Farmer, L. Kowalik et al.; survey of more than 1,000 mining employees in 52 countries)
Date: Sep 2021mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/why-wome…
Cited inWP08 · S81
MDPIWeakening of coastlines and coastal erosion in the Gulf of Guinea: the case of the Kribi coast (Fendoung, Tchindjang and Hubert-Ferrari), Land 11:1557
Date: 2022doi.org/10.3390/land11091557
Cited inWP02 · S80WP06 · S62WP07 · E02
Midrex Technologies2025 World Direct Reduction Statistics
Date: Sep 2026midrex.com/world-dri-statistics/world-dri-production-reaches-15…
Cited inSiteWP01 · T13WP03 · S04WP04 · S13WP05 · S94WP06 · S13WP09 · T13
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced 151 Mt World direct-reduced iron output in 2025, 65% of it gas-based; sub-Saharan Africa makes almost none
Midrex Technologies2025 World Direct Reduction Statistics
Date: September 2026midrex.com/world-dri-statistics/
Cited inWP02 · S101
Midrex TechnologiesMidrex history
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026midrex.com/history/
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Mission Possible PartnershipMaking Net-Zero Steel Possible
Date: Sep 2022missionpossiblepartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Makin…
Cited inWP01 · T04WP03 · S56
Mission Possible PartnershipMaking Net-Zero Steel Possible
Date: Sep 2022missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel
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Multilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyKribi Power Development Corporation, Environmental and Social Review Summary
Date: 2014miga.org/project/kribi-power-development-corporation
Cited inWP07 · E16
NairametricsAjaokuta Steel Complex to create 500,000 jobs, others
Date: 9 Oct 2023nairametrics.com/2023/10/09/ajaokuta-steel-complex-to-create-50…
Cited inWP01 · P05
NorranStegra scrambles for 10 billion as steel project costs spiral
Date: 14 Oct 2025norran.se/english/engelska/artikel/stegra-scrambles-for-10-bill…
Cited inWP01 · T25
OPC FoundationOPC UA Common Object Model: ISA-95 concept
Date: Undated, accessed Oct 2026reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10030/4
Cited inWP03 · S101
Opinion NigeriaSteel imports cost Nigeria over N1trn in 2025 as Ajaokuta remains idle
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ORSTOMMonographie du Nyong et des fleuves côtiers, Tome 1 (J.-C. Olivry)
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P. Simon, M. Economopoulos, P. NillesTempcore: a new process for the production of high-quality reinforcing bars. Iron and Steel Engineer 61(3), pp. 53 to 57
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Cited inWP10 · S48
Pittini Group (Siderpotenza)Technical specification SPB300: deformed steel bars, ASTM A615 Grade 60
Date: 1 Jan 2020pittini.it/wp-content/uploads/Pittini-Group-rebar-SPB300.pdf
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Previous holder of the Mbalam permit (ASX-listed company disclosure)Mbalam iron ore project: presentation to Mining Indaba 2014 (metallurgical testwork on itabirite)
Date: Feb 2014Cited by title and date
Cited inWP03 · S19
Previous holder of the Mbalam permit (ASX-listed company disclosure)Mbalam-Nabeba resources and reserves as at 20 May 2015 (JORC Code)
Date: 2015Cited by title and date
Cited inWP03 · S18
PwC AustraliaFinal report from the Australian Carbon Leakage Review
Date: 2026pwc.com.au/tax/tax-alerts/final-report-from-the-australian-carb…
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ResponsibleSteelThe Decarbonisation Progress Levels
Date: 23 Sep 2024responsiblesteel.org/resources/the-decarbonisation-progress-lev…
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RMI with the Green Hydrogen CatapultGreen Iron Corridors
Date: 2024rmi.org/insight/green-iron-corridors/
Cited inWP06 · S10
Royal Botanic Gardens, KewCampo Ma’an National Park, Tropical Important Plant Areas factsheet CMNTIPA025 (B. Murphy and J. M. Onana)
accessed 10 Oct 2026tipas.kew.org/site/campo-maan-national-park/
Cited inWP07 · B08
Rufford FoundationBeach patrols for marine turtle nesting stock estimation in the Atlantic coastline of Ebodje, Cameroon (A. H. Nibam)
Date: 2018rufford.org/projects/abi-henry-nibam/beach-patrols-for-marine-t…
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S. Caprili, W. Salvatore, R. Valentini; ElsevierCorroded TempCore vs dual-phase steel reinforcing bars. Construction and Building Materials
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Sahara ReportersWhy 21-storey Ikoyi building collapsed, panel reveals after submitting report
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Siemens (assignee now Siemens Energy Global)US Patent 10,145,612: Flicker reduction in electric arc furnaces by means of flicker prediction from the state determination in the initial phase of the smelting process
Date: Granted 4 Dec 2018patents.google.com/patent/US10145612
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Skuld (P&I club)Guideline on carriage of direct reduced iron (DRI)
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Steel Market UpdateNucor ups estimate for W.Va. sheet mill to $3.1B
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Steel TechnologyCommercial Metals Company to invest $300 million in its third micro mill
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SteelonthenetHot charging of steel billets and slabs: impact on energy costs and emissions (S. W. Hesling)
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T. Achamyeleh, H. Çamur, M. A. Savaş, A. Evcil; Nature PortfolioMechanical strength variability of deformed reinforcing steel bars for concrete structures in Ethiopia. Scientific Reports 12, 2600
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Tata SteelDiverse workforce (careers)
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TekediaDangote Petroleum Refinery hits full 650,000 bpd capacity in single-train milestone
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TenovaIntelligent EAF (iEAF) technology
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The Concrete CentreStandards for reinforcement (BS 4449:2005+A3:2016 grades)
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The InvestorVietnam’s 2025 crude steel output hits 5-year high (Vietnam Steel Association data)
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The Korea TimesMen of steel: the founding history of POSCO (M. Breen)
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Trading EconomicsHRC Steel commodity page
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Trading EconomicsSteel (rebar) commodity page
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tralacStatus of AfCFTA ratification
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Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P)Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at UM6P (575 scholars over ten years)
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ValeVale signs agreements to develop Mega Hubs in the Middle East and provide decarbonization solutions for steelmaking
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VOA AfricaOfficials to Investigate After Cameroon Building Collapse Kills Over 30
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WikipediaCompanhia Siderúrgica Nacional (tertiary source, used for dates only)
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WikipediaSteel Authority of India (tertiary source, used for dates only)
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WikipediaTanger Med (encyclopaedia entry; background dates of creation and port openings only) (tertiary)
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Wikipédia (FR)Université d’Ebolowa (tertiary source, used for dates only)
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World Resources Institute and WBCSDGHG Protocol Corporate Standard (2004) and Scope 2 Guidance (2015)
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Cited inWP06 · S45
Cameroon Steel documents 4
Cameroon SteelCameroon Steel reference configuration RC-1 (planning estimate), edition 10 October 2026 (RC-1.1)
Date: 10 Oct 2026Cited by title and date
Cited inSiteWP01 · F01WP02 · S112WP03 · S03WP04 · S33WP05 · S07WP06 · S90WP07 · X03WP08 · S11WP09 · F
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Sourced In development Stage of the project: nothing is built yet. Site surveys, the impact assessment, engineering and financing are still ahead
- Derived ~0.58 t CO₂/t Indicative intensity including upstream imported DRI: the closest basis to route averages. Scopes 1 and 2 alone: about 0.32 t in Phase 1 (0.33 t at full build-out)
- Derived 1.21 Mt/yr Metallic charge (scrap and reduced iron) for 1 Mt of finished products
and 20 more
- Derived ~149 kt/yr Electric-furnace slag at 1 Mt/yr (140 kg/t of liquid steel), recoverable as aggregate
- Derived ~1.24 Mt/yr Indicative port arrivals at full capacity: imported metallics and consumables
- Derived ~245 truckloads/day Truckloads in and out at full capacity if everything moved by road (metallic charge and finished products; 30 t, 300 days/yr), before any rail siding
- Derived ~36 MW Average power demand in Phase 1 (≈ 289 GWh/yr)
- Derived ~94 MW Average power demand at 1 Mt/yr (≈ 753 GWh/yr), before furnace peaks
- Assumption 0.3 Mt/yr Planned first phase: reinforcing bar and wire rod
- Assumption H2 2030 First heat targeted. Before it: certificate of environmental compliance targeted for Q4 2028, then Phase 1 works from Q1 2029. Ramp-up in 2031
- Assumption +0.2 Mt/yr Planned second phase: angles, channels and flats
- Assumption +0.5 Mt/yr Planned third phase: H-beams and heavy sections, reaching 1 Mt/yr
- Assumption ~55 MVA Maximum apparent power to request at the connection in Phase 1 (range 45 to 65 MVA): this, not the average, sizes the connection. The 15-minute average peak is about 47 MW
- Assumption 2.0 m³/t Closed-loop make-up water target, against a sector average consumption of 2.3 m³/t (2024)
- Planned First half 2027 Site surveys and environmental scoping
- Planned 2027 Front-end engineering for Phase 1
- Planned 2027–2028 Two-season impact study and public hearings
- Planned Late 2028 to Q1 2029 Financing, then start of Phase 1 works after the environmental certificate
- Planned H2 2030 Phase 1: first heat
- Planned 2032–2034 Phase 2: sections, to 0.5 Mt/yr
- Planned After 2034 Phase 3: heavy sections, to 1 Mt/yr
- Planned Later Option: direct reduction of Cameroonian ore
- Assumption 600 to 1,000 workers Indicative workforce at the peak of first-phase construction
Cameroon Steelplanning estimate (2024), to be confirmed
Cited by title and date
Cited inSite
Figures of this site that rest on this source
- Assumption ~500 direct jobs Direct jobs planned in the first phase (planning range 450 to 550), plus about 1,000 indirect jobs
Cameroon Steel SARLtrade and personal property credit register (RCCM) extract
Cited by title and date
Cited inSite
Former holder of the Mbalam-Nabeba project (ASX-listed)Mbalam Iron Ore Project: Stage 1 definitive feasibility study and Stage 2 pre-feasibility study (ASX release)
Date: 6 Apr 2011sdl.live.irmau.com/irm/PDF/2074_0/SDLDeliversPositiveFeasibilit…
Cited inWP01 · O01WP02 · S171
Documents of the Port Autonome de Kribi are cited by title and date, without a link. Dates are those given by the sources; an access date is shown only where one was recorded. Titles are given in their original language; the notes added by the editors are in English.