White paper 04 · Annex C
Sources
Every source cited in this paper is listed below in order of first citation, with its publisher, date and address. Markers such as [S12] in the text refer to this list. Sources were consulted up to 10 October 2026. Documents of the Port Autonome de Kribi are cited by title and date, without a web address. Values read only from search summaries were not used. No general encyclopaedia is cited; one page of the Global Energy Monitor wiki, a tertiary source marked as such in the list, is cited only to identify a plant, and no figure in this paper rests on it. Annex D gives the values plotted in every figure; the same data are published with the web edition.
Table C.1 Sources cited, in order of first citation
| Id | Title | Publisher | Date | Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Cameroun: Prometal décroche 26,2 milliards FCFA d’Afreximbank | Camer.be | 1 Oct 2026 | www.camer.be/actualites/economie/cameroun-prometal-decroche-262-milliards-fcfa-dafreximbank.html |
| S02 | World Steel in Figures 2026 (page and PDF) | worldsteel | 4 Jun 2026 | worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures/world-steel-in-figures-2026/ |
| S03 | Production: les acteurs en présence | Cameroon Tribune | 11 May 2026 | cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/76600/fr.html/details_2 |
| S04 | Press report of the sealing by customs of more than 7,300 t of imported reinforcing bar, December 2020 (headline and address not reproduced: they name the importer) | Business in Cameroon | 16 Dec 2020 | businessincameroon.com |
| S05 | UN Comtrade public API, Cameroon (reporter 120), HS 72/73 and 6-digit lines, 2019-2023 | UN Statistics Division | acc. 10 Oct 2026 | comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=120&period=2023&partnerCode=0&flowCode=M&cmdCode=72,73,7207,7208,7209,7210,7213,7214,7216,7217,7304,7305,7306,7308 |
| S06 | UN Comtrade public API, CEMAC & Nigeria (reporters 266 Gabon, 178 Congo, 140 CAR, 566 Nigeria; mirror partners 148 Chad, 226 Eq. Guinea) | UN Statistics Division | acc. 10 Oct 2026 | comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=266&period=2023&partnerCode=0&flowCode=M&cmdCode=72,73,7214,7213 |
| S07 | Évolution du commerce extérieur en 2025 (version provisoire) | INS Cameroun | Feb 2026 (posted 1 Apr 2026) | ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Note-sur-le-commerce-exterieur-en-2025-version-provisoire_FR.pdf |
| S08 | December 2025 crude steel production and 2025 global totals | worldsteel | 23 Jan 2026 | worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/december-2025-crude-steel-production-2025-global-crude-steel-production/ |
| S09 | OECD: global steel excess capacity set to reach 745 million mt by 2028 | EUROMETAL (Platts) | 5 Jun 2026 | eurometal.net/oecd-global-steel-excess-capacity-set-to-reach-745-million-mt-by-2028/ |
| S10 | China increased steel exports by 7.5% y/y in 2025 | GMK Center | 14 Jan 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/china-increased-steel-exports-by-7-5-y-y-in-2025/ |
| S11 | 62 countries implemented 207 restrictions against steel products from China | GMK Center | 13 Oct 2025 | gmk.center/en/infographic/62-countries-implemented-207-restrictions-against-steel-products-from-china/ |
| S12 | World Steel in Figures 2025 | worldsteel | Jun 2025 | worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures/world-steel-in-figures-2025/ |
| S13 | 2025 World Direct Reduction Statistics | Midrex Technologies | Sep 2026 | www.midrex.com/world-dri-statistics/world-dri-production-reaches-151-0-mt-in-2025/Midrex-STATS-book-2025-FINAL.pdf |
| S14 | WDI API: SP.POP.TOTL; SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS (CMR) | World Bank | updated 8 Oct 2026 | api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json |
| S15 | Cameroun: bouclage du 4e RGPH, 22,7 millions d’habitants recensés | Journal du Cameroun | 5 Oct 2026 | fr.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-bouclage-du-4e-rgph-227-millions-dhabitants-recenses-en-mode-digital/ |
| S16 | Les Comptes Nationaux de 2025 | INS Cameroun | Aug 2026 (posted 2 Sep 2026) | ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Comptes_Nationaux_2025_FR_VF.pdf |
| S17 | Budget 2026-8 816,4 milliards FCFA… | MINFI | 26 Nov 2025 | minfi.gov.cm/budget-2026-8-8164-milliards-fcfa-pour-consolider-la-stabilite-et-accelerer-le-developpement-du-cameroun/ |
| S18 | Population estimates and projections (source 40): SP.POP.TOTL and SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, 2025 to 2040 | World Bank | updated 1 Jul 2026 | api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?source=40&format=json&date=2025:2040 |
| S19 | Commerce extérieur du Cameroun en 2020 | INS Cameroun | Jul 2021 | ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-Commerce-exterieur-2020_VF-4.pdf |
| S20 | Cameroun: le groupe Prometal décroche 26 milliards FCFA auprès d’Afreximbank… | Sikafinance | 30 Sep 2026 | www.sikafinance.com/marches/cameroun-le-groupe-prometal-decroche-26-milliards-fcfa-aupres-dafreximbank-pour-renforcer-sa-production-dacier-et-conquerir-de-nouveaux-marches_64623 |
| S21 | Prometal obtient 26 milliards FCFA d’Afreximbank pour soutenir son expansion industrielle | EcoMatin | 30 Sep 2026 | ecomatin.net/prometal-obtient-26-milliards-fcfa-dafreximbank-pour-soutenir-son-expansion-industrielle |
| S22 | Weekly steel prices (archive 40468) | Arab Iron & Steel Union (AISU) | 3 Oct 2026 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/40468 |
| S23 | WITS TRAINS API, Cameroon reported MFN tariffs by HS6 (2023) | World Bank / UNCTAD | acc. 10 Oct 2026 | wits.worldbank.org/API/V1/SDMX/V21/datasource/TRN/reporter/120/partner/000/product/721420/year/2023/datatype/reported |
| S24 | Fer à béton: les producteurs acceptent une baisse des prix | EcoMatin | 23 Oct 2023 | ecomatin.net/fer-a-beton-les-producteurs-acceptent-une-baisse-des-prix |
| S25 | Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030 (SND30) | Republic of Cameroon / MINEPAT (hosted by FAOLEX) | 2020 | faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr211554.pdf |
| S26 | Cameroon rejects fresh push to revise rebar standard | Business in Cameroon | 26 Jan 2026 | www.businessincameroon.com/construction/2601-15657-cameroon-rejects-fresh-push-to-revise-rebar-standard |
| S27 | Bidoung J., Fomethe A., Yantio G., Melo U., La récupération et le recyclage des déchets ferromagnétiques: analyse de la situation au Cameroun (Déchets, Revue francophone d’écologie industrielle n°48) | ENSP Yaoundé / MIPROMALO | Q4 2007 | eid.episciences.org/7942/pdf |
| S28 | Algeria’s steel industry: why is it growing | GMK Center | 28 Jul 2026 | gmk.center/en/posts/algeria-s-steel-industry-why-is-it-growing/ |
| S29 | Le Gabon réduit la TVA sur le fer à béton local | EcoMatin | 4 Aug 2026 | ecomatin.net/le-gabon-reduit-la-tva-sur-le-fer-a-beton-local-pour-stimuler-son-industrie-siderurgique |
| S30 | Gabon: le groupe Fokou lance une nouvelle unité d’acier à Port-Gentil | EcoMatin | 18 Sep 2026 | ecomatin.net/gabon-le-groupe-fokou-lance-une-nouvelle-unite-dacier-a-port-gentil |
| S31 | Pedal to the Metal 2026 | Global Energy Monitor | May 2026 | globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/2026-05/Pedal%20to%20the%20Metal%202026.pdf |
| S32 | Industrialisation: la voie royale de l’émergence | Cameroon Tribune | 2 Jan 2025 | cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68558/fr.html/details_2 |
| S33 | Cameroon Steel reference configuration RC-1 (planning estimate), edition 10 October 2026 | Cameroon Steel | 10 Oct 2026 | Planning figures with ranges; each value is labelled with its status where it is used |
| S34 | Cameroon Mining Company confirme l’entrée du projet Mbalam dans sa phase irréversible d’exécution | Camer.be via AllAfrica | 12 Dec 2025 | fr.allafrica.com/stories/202512120475.html |
| S35 | Cameroon signs iron ore deal with Sinosteel (citing Reuters) | Mining Technology | 23 May 2022 | www.mining-technology.com/news/sinosteel-deal-iron-cameroon/ |
| S36 | IMF staff concludes Post-Financing Assessment mission to Cameroon (PR 26/314) | IMF | 1 Oct 2026 | www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/10/01/pr26314-imf-staff-concludes-assesment-cameroon |
| S37 | China’s rapidly growing steel exports will lose momentum from 2026 onwards | GMK Center | 24 Dec 2025 | gmk.center/en/infographic/china-s-rapidly-growing-steel-exports-will-lose-momentum-from-2026-onwards/ |
| S38 | August 2026 crude steel production | worldsteel | 24 Sep 2026 | worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/august-2026-crude-steel-production/ |
| S39 | worldsteel Short Range Outlook April 2026 (release + Table 1) | worldsteel | 14 Apr 2026 | worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/worldsteel-short-range-outlook-april-2026/ |
| S40 | OECD Steel Committee: global overcapacity hits record levels as China’s exports surge | EUROMETAL | 7 Nov 2025 | eurometal.net/oecd-steel-committee-global-overcapacity-hits-record-levels-as-chinas-exports-surge/ |
| S41 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1384 (steel TRQ replacing the safeguard) | EU, Official Journal L | 24 Jun 2026 | eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1384/oj/eng |
| S42 | OECD: global steel capacity reaches record high | EUROMETAL (Platts) | 28 Mar 2026 | eurometal.net/oecd-global-steel-capacity-reaches-record-high/ |
| S43 | Excess steel production capacity continues to weigh on global markets, OECD | GMK Center | 4 Jun 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/excess-steel-production-capacity-continues-to-weigh-on-global-markets-oecd/ |
| S44 | China increased steel exports by 0.3% m/m in August | GMK Center | 8 Sep 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/china-increased-steel-exports-by-0-3-m-m-in-august/ |
| S45 | Licensing of steel exports from China should ease trade tensions | GMK Center | 19 Dec 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/licensing-of-steel-exports-from-china-should-ease-trade-tensions/ |
| S46 | The cost of protection: global reactions to the EU’s new steel TRQs | GMK Center | 14 Jul 2026 | gmk.center/en/posts/the-cost-of-protection-global-reactions-to-the-eu-s-new-steel-trqs/ |
| S47 | Adjusting Imports of Aluminum and Steel into the United States | The White House | 3 Jun 2025 | www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/06/adjusting-imports-of-aluminum-and-steel-into-the-united-states/ |
| S48 | Mexico approves tariff increases on Chinese and other Asian imports | GMK Center | 12 Dec 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/mexico-approves-tariff-increases-on-chinese-and-other-asian-imports/ |
| S49 | India imposes a temporary 12% safeguard duty on certain steel imports | GMK Center | 22 Apr 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/india-imposes-a-temporary-12-safeguard-duty-on-certain-steel-imports/ |
| S50 | India considers new three-year protective duty on steel imports | GMK Center | 26 Nov 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/india-considers-new-three-year-protective-duty-on-steel-imports/ |
| S51 | Vietnam revises provisional anti-dumping duties on hot-rolled steel from China | GMK Center | 13 May 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/vietnam-revises-provisional-anti-dumping-duties-on-hot-rolled-steel-from-china/ |
| S52 | Brazil introduces import quotas on 11 types of steel products | GMK Center | 24 Apr 2024 | gmk.center/en/news/brazil-introduces-import-quotas-on-11-types-of-steel-products/ |
| S53 | Egypt has imposed a temporary duty on imports of HRC at 13.6% | GMK Center | 15 Sep 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/egypt-has-imposed-a-temporary-duty-on-imports-of-hot-rolled-steel-at-13-6/ |
| S54 | Egypt’s steel industry: protection from within | GMK Center | 23 Jul 2026 | gmk.center/en/posts/egypt-s-steel-industry-protection-from-within/ |
| S55 | South Africa imposes safeguard duty on imports of hot-rolled steel | GMK Center | 1 Jul 2024 | gmk.center/en/news/south-africa-imposes-safeguard-duty-on-imports-of-hot-rolled-steel/ |
| S56 | Métallurgie: les importations du fer à béton interdites jusqu’à nouvel ordre | EcoMatin | 10 Apr 2023 | ecomatin.net/metallurgie-les-importations-du-fer-a-beton-interdites-jusqua-nouvel-ordre |
| S57 | Protecting the steel market: how it’s done in North Africa | GMK Center | 2 Sep 2026 | gmk.center/en/posts/protecting-the-steel-market-how-it-s-done-in-north-africa/ |
| S58 | Commodity Markets Outlook, Historical Data, Annual (xlsx) | World Bank | 2 Sep 2026 | thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/74e8be41ceb20fa0da750cda2f6b9e4e-0050012026/related/CMO-Historical-Data-Annual.xlsx |
| S59 | Commodity Markets Outlook April 2026, Forecasts (Table 1) | World Bank | Apr 2026 | thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/f3138644a1e8e2bb631399ae11d6c408-0050012026/related/CMO-April-2026-Forecasts.pdf |
| S60 | Steel production in Arab countries increased by 7.2% in 2025 | AISU | 26 Jan 2026 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/39369 |
| S61 | Update: Final wind-down decision relating to the Long Steel Business | ArcelorMittal South Africa | 28 Feb 2025 | arcelormittalsa.com/Portals/0/NEWS%20RELEASE%20-%20UPDATE%20-%20FINAL%20WIND%20DOWN%20DECISION%20RELATING%20TO%20THE%20LONG%20STEEL%20BUSINESS%20%28%E2%80%9CLONGS%20BUSINESS%E2%80%9D%29_v2.pdf |
| S62 | North African green steel will soon be in demand in the EU, an overview | GMK Center | 25 Aug 2025 | gmk.center/en/posts/north-african-green-steel-will-soon-be-in-demand-in-the-eu-an-overview/ |
| S63 | Devki opens Sh50bn steel plant in Kwale | Capital FM Kenya | 20 Nov 2022 | capitalfm.africa/devki-opens-sh50bn-steel-plant-in-kwale/ |
| S64 | Sentuo Steel Tema plant | Global Energy Monitor (GEM.wiki; tertiary) | last edit 9 Oct 2026 | www.gem.wiki/Sentuo_Steel_Tema_plant |
| S65 | China’s Stellar Steel invests $450 million in a new steel plant in Nigeria | GMK Center | 27 Oct 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/china-s-stellar-steel-invests-450-million-in-a-new-steel-plant-in-nigeria/ |
| S66 | A steel plant will be built in Uganda with investments of $500 million | GMK Center | 5 Dec 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/a-steel-plant-will-be-built-in-uganda-with-investments-of-500-million/ |
| S67 | GSM Tanzania selects Danieli for new rebar and wire-rod mill | Danieli | 14 Sep 2026 | www.danieli.com/en/GSM-Tanzania-selects-Danieli-for-new-rebar-and-wirerod-mill_37_1098.htm |
| S68 | B5Plus Group awards Danieli bar and wire-rod mill project | Danieli | 23 Sep 2026 | www.danieli.com/en/B5Plus-Group-awards-Danieli-bar-and-wirerod-mill-project_37_1099.htm |
| S69 | Simandou partners celebrate start of operations | Rio Tinto | 11 Nov 2025 | www.riotinto.com/en/news/releases/2025/simandou-partners-celebrate-start-of-operations |
| S70 | The first commercial shipment of iron ore from Simandou has departed for China | GMK Center | 3 Dec 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/the-first-commercial-shipment-of-iron-ore-from-simandou-has-departed-for-china/ |
| S71 | Ore shipments from Simandou could exceed 20 million tonnes in 2026 | GMK Center | 9 Jun 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/ore-shipments-from-simandou-could-exceed-20-million-tonnes-in-2026/ |
| S72 | Cameroon plans $3.1B iron ore push starting 2026 | Daba Finance (republished by AllAfrica) | 14 Feb 2026 | dabafinance.com/en/news/cameroon-mining-investment-2026-2030 |
| S73 | Ahmed Ezz: Opening African Markets… (Alamein-Africa Business Forum) | AISU | 6 Oct 2026 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/40504 |
| S74 | Mauritania’s steel market poised for growth | GMK Center | 31 Aug 2026 | gmk.center/en/posts/mauritania-s-steel-market-poised-for-growth/ |
| S75 | ArcelorMittal South Africa and IDC resume negotiations | GMK Center | 22 Jan 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/arcelormittal-south-africa-and-idc-resume-negotiations-on-assets-in-south-africa/ |
| S76 | Cameroon targets 476 km of new roads in 2026 infrastructure plan | Business in Cameroon | 16 Feb 2026 | www.businessincameroon.com/construction/1602-15761-cameroon-targets-476-km-of-new-roads-in-2026-infrastructure-plan |
| S77 | Autoroute Yaoundé-Douala phase II: 1 072 milliards F pour 141 km à livrer en 2028 | Journal du Cameroun | 17 Apr 2025 | fr.journalducameroun.com/autoroute-yaounde-douala-phase-ii-1072-milliards-f-pour-141-km-a-livrer-en-2028/ |
| S78 | 2024 Housing Finance Yearbook, Cameroon profile | Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa (CAHF) | Jan 2024 (PDF Mar 2025) | housingfinanceafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CAMEROON.pdf |
| S79 | Cameroun: 3 600 logements sociaux construits en 5 ans, soit 21,2% de l’objectif (SND30 mid-term evaluation) | EcoMatin | 29 Jan 2026 | ecomatin.net/cameroun-3-600-logements-sociaux-construits-en-5-ans-soit-212-de-lobjectif |
| S80 | Métallurgie: les industriels dénoncent la présence du fer à béton contrefait | EcoMatin | 22 Jun 2023 | ecomatin.net/metallurgie-les-industriels-du-secteur-denoncent-la-presence-du-fer-a-beton-contrefait-sur-le-marche-camerounais |
| S81 | World Economic Outlook DataMapper API (NGDP_RPCH, NGDPD, PCPIPCH, CMR) | IMF | Apr 2026 WEO | www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1/NGDP_RPCH/CMR |
| S82 | IMF Executive Board concludes 2026 Article IV consultation with Cameroon (PR 26/096) | IMF | 30 Mar 2026 | www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/03/30/pr-26096-cameroon-imf-executive-board-concludes-2026-article-iv-consultation |
| S83 | Cameroon Overview | World Bank | updated Sep 2026 | www.worldbank.org/en/country/cameroon/overview |
| S84 | Données pétrolières 2025 | SNH | posted Jun 2026 | snh.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Donnees-petrolieres-2025.pdf |
| S85 | Le navire usine quitte le Cameroun, le gaz s’arrête | Camer.be | 9 Jul 2026 | www.camer.be/93911/12:1/le-navire-usine-quitte-le-cameroun-le-gaz-sarrete-cameroon.html |
| S86 | Cameroon to allocate 92% of 2026 public works budget to road construction and maintenance | Ecofin Agency | 12 Nov 2025 | www.ecofinagency.com/news-infrastructures/1211-50392-cameroon-to-allocate-92-of-2026-public-works-budget-to-road-construction-and-maintenance |
| S87 | Bilan et perspectives: les voyants sont au vert | Port Autonome de Kribi (PAK) | 13 Mar 2025 | PAK publication, cited by title and date |
| S88 | Ligne ferroviaire Edéa-Kribi-Lolabé-Campo: une nouvelle étape pour la connectivité du port de Kribi | Port Autonome de Kribi (PAK) | 4 Jun 2026 | PAK publication, cited by title and date |
| S89 | Port de Kribi: un terminal minéralier d’avenir | Port Autonome de Kribi (PAK) | 4 Nov 2025 | PAK publication, cited by title and date |
| S90 | Kribi Deep Sea Port, investors partner to construct 125-million-tonne mineral terminal worth $2 billion | Business in Cameroon | 5 Nov 2025 | www.businessincameroon.com/transport/0511-15300-kribi-deep-sea-port-investors-partner-to-construct-125-million-tonne-mineral-terminal-worth-2-billion |
| S91 | Zone industrialo-portuaire de Kribi (KPIZ): jusqu’à +8 points de croissance et 150 000 emplois attendus sur 15 ans | Investir au Cameroun | 4 Mar 2026 | www.investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/0403-23163-zone-industrialo-portuaire-de-kribi-kpiz-jusqu-a-8-points-de-croissance-et-150-000-emplois-attendus-sur-15-ans |
| S92 | Nachtigal power line delays leave 150 MW of industrial demand unmet | Business in Cameroon | 9 Oct 2026 | www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/0910-16939-nachtigal-power-line-delays-leave-150-mw-of-industrial-demand-unmet |
| S93 | Rapport d’activités 2025 de l’ARSEL | ARSEL (electricity regulator) | 7 Sep 2026 | arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Rapport-ARSEL-2025.pdf |
| S94 | Kikot-Mbebe hydroelectric scheme | EDF Cameroun | acc. 10 Oct 2026 | cameroun.edf.com/en/our-activities/hydropower/kikot-mbebe-hydroelectric-scheme |
| S95 | Government, EDF push to deliver hydro promises as Cameroon moves to diversify energy sources | Business in Cameroon | 4 Dec 2025 | www.businessincameroon.com/energy/0412-15443-government-edf-push-to-deliver-hydro-promises-as-cameroon-moves-to-diversify-energy-sources |
| S96 | Cameroon, Energy (Country Commercial Guide) | US International Trade Administration | 13 Apr 2026 | www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cameroon-energy |
| S97 | Cameroun: logements sociaux, l’État veut lancer une base industrielle | Journal du Cameroun | 27 May 2024 | fr.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-logement-sociaux-letat-veut-lancer-une-base-industrielle/ |
| S98 | Autoroute Yaoundé-Douala: l’État recherche un partenaire pour la phase II | EcoMatin | 30 Mar 2020 | ecomatin.net/autoroute-yaounde-douala-letat-recherche-un-partenaire-pour-la-phase-ii |
| S99 | Au Cameroun, le port de Kribi revendique la place de premier terminal à conteneurs | EcoMatin | 22 Apr 2026 | ecomatin.net/au-cameroun-le-port-de-kribi-revendique-la-place-de-premier-terminal-a-conteneurs |
| S100 | Port de Kribi: le trafic conteneurisé bondit de 82% un an après la mise en service du 2e terminal | EcoMatin | 14 May 2026 | ecomatin.net/port-de-kribi-le-trafic-conteneurise-bondit-de-82-un-an-apres-la-mise-en-service-du-2e-terminal |
| S101 | La Lettre du PAK n°254 | Port Autonome de Kribi | May 2025 | PAK publication, cited by title and date |
| S102 | Cameroon’s Kribi port plans CFA50 billion agricultural terminal | Business in Cameroon | 9 Oct 2026 | www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/0910-16938-cameroon-s-kribi-port-plans-cfa50-billion-agricultural-terminal-with-80-of-funding-still-to-be-raised |
| S103 | Cameroun: le ghanéen Empire Cement veut implanter une cimenterie d’1 Mt à Douala | EcoMatin | 6 Aug 2025 | ecomatin.net/cameroun-le-ghaneen-empire-cement-veut-implanter-une-cimenterie-de-1-million-de-tonnes-a-douala |
| S104 | Dangote Cement to double production capacity in Cameroon | Global Cement | 26 Jun 2026 | www.globalcement.com/news/20920-dangote-cement-to-double-production-capacity-in-cameroon |
| S105 | L’industrie camerounaise du ciment face à des défis structurels | EcoMatin | 29 Sep 2025 | ecomatin.net/lindustrie-camerounaise-du-ciment-face-a-des-defis-structurels-malgre-une-capacite-de-production-elevee |
| S106 | Cameroun: l’État ambitionne doper sa production de ciment de plus de 50% en 2025 | EcoMatin | 19 Mar 2025 | ecomatin.net/cameroun-letat-ambitionne-doper-sa-production-de-ciment-de-plus-de-50-en-2025 |
| S107 | Évolution du commerce extérieur en 2024 | INS Cameroun | Aug 2025 | ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Commext_2024_FR_Edite-final-1.pdf |
| S108 | Dangote exported 1Mt of clinker from Nigeria to Cameroon and Ghana in 2025 | Global Cement | 27 Mar 2026 | www.globalcement.com/news/20591-dangote-exported-1mt-of-clinker-from-nigeria-to-cameroon-and-ghana-in-2025 |
| S109 | Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cement | U.S. Geological Survey | Jan 2026 | pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cement.pdf |
| S110 | Cameroun: le gouvernement rejette une demande de révision de la norme du fer à béton | EcoMatin | 5 Feb 2026 | ecomatin.net/cameroun-le-gouvernement-rejette-une-demande-de-revision-de-la-norme-du-fer-a-beton |
| S111 | Interdiction des importations du fer à béton: les consommateurs dénoncent la mauvaise qualité de la production locale | EcoMatin | 13 Apr 2023 | ecomatin.net/interdiction-des-importations-du-fer-a-beton-les-consommateurs-denoncent-la-mauvaise-qualite-de-la-production-locale |
| S112 | CEMAC: après le repli de 2025, la BEAC table sur un redressement progressif des réserves de change | Gabon Media Time | 2 Jan 2026 | gabonmediatime.com/cemac-apres-le-repli-de-2025-la-beac-table-sur-un-redressement-progressif-des-reserves-de-change/ |
| S113 | Zone Cémac: la BEAC annonce un ralentissement de croissance à 2,4% | AllAfrica (Les Dépêches de Brazzaville) | 17 Dec 2025 | fr.allafrica.com/stories/202512170629.html |
| S114 | Note sur le commerce extérieur 2022 | INS Cameroun | Dec 2023 (rev. 13 Feb 2024) | ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-sur-le-Commerce-Exterieur-2022_VF-du-13-fev-2024-Rev-DG-1.pdf |
| S115 | Commerce extérieur du Cameroun en 2023 | INS Cameroun | Apr 2024 | ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-sur-le-Commerce-Exterieur-2023-c-1.pdf |
| S116 | 40 millions d’euros d’Afreximbank: Prometal sécurise ses billettes d’acier alors que la ferraille camerounaise s’épuise | Cameroun24 | 10 Oct 2026 | cameroun24.net/article/76267-40-millions-d-euros-d-afreximbank-prometal-securise-ses-billettes-d-acier-alors-que-la-ferraille-camerounaise-s-epuise.html |
| S117 | Prometal inaugure deux usines évaluées à 57 milliards F | Journal du Cameroun | 19 Jan 2024 | fr.journalducameroun.com/prometal-inaugure-deux-usines-evaluees-a-57-milliards-f-ce-jour-a-douala/ |
| S118 | Cameroun: Prometal (Hayssam El Jammal) se dote de deux nouvelles usines de production d’aciers | EcoMatin | 19 Jan 2024 | ecomatin.net/cameroun-prometal-hayssam-el-jammal-se-dote-de-deux-nouvelles-usines-de-production-daciers |
| S119 | Tosyali Algérie: mise en service du complexe des tôles d’acier plat (2,5 Mt) | Algérie Eco | 28 Nov 2024 | algerie-eco.com/2024/11/28/tosyali-algerie-mise-en-service-du-complexe-des-toles-dacier-plat-dune-capacite-de-25-millions-de-tonnes/ |
| S120 | Matériaux de construction: l’offensive locale | Cameroon Tribune | 24 Apr 2023 | www.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/56766/en.html/details_2 |
| S121 | Cameroun: Quifeurou obtient un prêt de 9 milliards FCFA pour une usine de fer à béton à Douala | EcoMatin | 26 Aug 2025 | ecomatin.net/cameroun-quifeurou-obtient-un-pret-de-9-milliards-fcfa-pour-implanter-une-usine-de-fer-a-beton-a-douala |
| S122 | Prometal, Acero Metal, Aciéries du Cameroun… qui est le plus gros consommateur d’électricité de la métallurgie camerounaise | EcoMatin | 15 Jul 2026 | ecomatin.net/prometal-acero-metal-acieries-du-cameroun-qui-est-le-plus-gros-consommateur-delectricite-de-la-metallurgie-camerounaise |
| S123 | Lutte contre la vie chère: le Cameroun limite les exportations de certains produits | EcoMatin | 27 Apr 2022 | ecomatin.net/lutte-contre-la-vie-chere-le-cameroun-limite-les-exportations-de-certains-produits-pour-satisfaire-la-demande-nationale |
| S124 | Cameroon, Republic of: Corporate, Other taxes | PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries | reviewed 14 Aug 2026 | taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/corporate/other-taxes |
| S125 | Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Integrated Steel Mills | IFC / World Bank Group | 30 Apr 2007 | www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-integrated-steel-mills-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf |
| S126 | Best Available Techniques Reference Document, Iron and Steel (EUR 25521) | EC JRC | 2013 | bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/IS_Adopted_03_2012.pdf |
| S127 | Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2110, BAT conclusions, ferrous metals processing | European Commission (OJ L 284) | 11 Oct 2022 | eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022D2110 |
| S128 | Nucor to build new rebar micro mill in North Carolina | Nucor Corp. | 7 Apr 2022 | nucor.com/news-release/nucor-to-build-new-rebar-micro-mill-in-north-carolina-122541 |
| S129 | Economic and social impact of the global steel industry (infographic) | worldsteel / Oxford Economics | May 2019 | worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Steel-social-and-economic-impact.pdf |
| S130 | European Steel in Figures 2025 | EUROFER | Jun 2025 | www.eurofer.eu/assets/publications/brochures-booklets-and-factsheets/european-steel-in-figures-2025/EUROFER_European-Steel-in-Figures-2025.pdf |
| S131 | Cameroon applies CEEAC common external tariff from January 1, 2026 | Business in Cameroon | 12 Jan 2026 | www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/1201-15594-cameroon-applies-ceeac-common-external-tariff-from-january-1-2026 |
| S132 | World Development Indicators API: population, GDP (current US$), GDP growth, urban share for CMR, TCD, GAB, COG, GNQ, CAF, NGA | World Bank | updated 8 Oct 2026 | api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CMR |
| S133 | Métallurgie: les locaux battent le fer chaud | Cameroon Tribune | 17 Aug 2023 | cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/59491/fr.html/details_2 |
| S134 | Steel imports cost Nigeria over N1trn in 2025 as Ajaokuta remains idle | Opinion Nigeria | 31 Aug 2026 | www.opinionnigeria.com/steel-imports-cost-nigeria-over-n1trn-in-2025-as-ajaokuta-remains-idle/ |
| S135 | Cameroon, Import Tariffs (Country Commercial Guide) | US International Trade Administration | 10 Apr 2026 | www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cameroon-import-tariffs |
| S136 | Cameroun: les principales innovations de la loi de finances pour 2026 | Deloitte Société d’Avocats | 24 Mar 2026 | blog.avocats.deloitte.fr/cameroun-les-principales-innovations-de-la-loi-de-finances-pour-2026/ |
| S137 | Innovations douanières de la Loi de Finances 2025 | MINFI, Direction Générale des Douanes | Jan 2025 | minfi.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/EXPOSE_DGD_LF_2025.pdf |
| S138 | List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the AfCFTA Agreement | African Union Commission | 22 May 2026 | au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36437-sl-AGREEMENT_ESTABLISHING_THE_AFRICAN_CONTINENTAL_FREE_TRADE_AREA_1.pdf |
| S139 | Status of AfCFTA ratification | tralac | upd. 7 Sep 2026 | www.tralac.org/resources/infographic/13795-status-of-afcfta-ratification.html |
| S140 | AfCFTA e-Tariff Book | AfCFTA Secretariat | n.d. | au-afcfta.org/etariff/ |
| S141 | AfCFTA Secretary-General urges shift from automotive rules to investment and jobs | AfCFTA Secretariat | 2 Oct 2026 | au-afcfta.org/2026/10/afcfta-secretary-general-urges-shift-from-automotive-rules-to-investment-and-jobs/ |
| S142 | 2024 Investment Climate Statements: Cameroon | US Department of State | 2024 | www.state.gov/reports/2024-investment-climate-statements/cameroon/ |
| S143 | Port de Kribi: l’explosion du trafic commence à saturer le terminal à conteneurs | EcoMatin | 5 Oct 2026 | ecomatin.net/port-de-kribi-lexplosion-du-trafic-commence-a-saturer-le-terminal-a-conteneurs |
| S144 | Pink Sheet, October 2026 | World Bank | 2 Oct 2026 | thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/74e8be41ceb20fa0da750cda2f6b9e4e-0050012026/related/CMO-Pink-Sheet-October-2026.pdf |
| S145 | Weekly steel prices (archive 36573) | AISU | 18 Oct 2025 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/36573 |
| S146 | Weekly steel prices (archive 30176) | AISU | 5 Nov 2024 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/30176 |
| S147 | Weekly steel prices (archive 23160) | AISU | 22 Oct 2023 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/23160 |
| S148 | Weekly steel prices (archive 29546) | AISU | 6 Oct 2024 | aisusteel.org/en/archives/29546 |
| S149 | Key global markets are set for a rise in rebar prices | GMK Center | 17 Sep 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/key-global-markets-are-set-for-a-rise-in-rebar-prices/ |
| S150 | Billet prices rose by $10-40 per ton in March in regional markets | GMK Center | 1 Apr 2026 | gmk.center/en/news/billet-prices-rose-by-10-40-per-ton-in-march-in-regional-markets/ |
| S151 | Turkish rebar prices declined in the second half of April | GMK Center | 25 Apr 2025 | gmk.center/en/news/turkish-rebar-prices-declined-in-the-second-half-of-april/ |
| S152 | Steel (rebar) commodity page | Trading Economics | acc. 10 Oct 2026 | tradingeconomics.com/commodity/steel |
| S153 | HRC Steel commodity page | Trading Economics | acc. 10 Oct 2026 | tradingeconomics.com/commodity/hrc-steel |
| S154 | Tableaux tarifaires, Décision ARSEL N°00000427 (MT 2023-2025) | ARSEL | uploaded Jan 2026 | arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/TABLEAUX-TARIFAIRES-decision-MT-2023-2025.pdf |
| S155 | Décision fixant le montant de la RMA ENEO au titre de l’exercice 2025 (réajustée) | ARSEL | 19 Dec 2025 | arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Decision-fixant-le-Montant-de-le-RMA-Eneo-au-titre-de-lexercice-2025-du-19-12-2025.pdf |
| S156 | ENERGIRON technology (DRI-EAF with natural gas or H₂) | EC ICIT | ref. 12 Feb 2026 | innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/innovative-techniques/energiron-technology-drieaf-production-route-using-natural-gas-or-h2 |
| S157 | Suez Steel sets new benchmark in energy consumption for DRI production | Danieli | 16 Apr 2026 | www.danieli.com/en/news-media/news/suez-steel-sets-new-benchmark-energy-consumption-dri-production_37_1051.htm |
| S158 | At 11.4 per cent of the value of imports, African countries paid more for international transport than any other region (Review of Maritime Transport 2015) | UNCTAD | 2015 | unctad.org/press-material/114-cent-value-imports-african-countries-paid-more-international-transport-any-other |
| S159 | European buyers uninterested in BPI and HBI purchases, prices up nominally due to freight | SteelOrbis | 16 Mar 2026 | www.steelorbis.com/steel-prices/steel-prices-market-analyses/scrap-and-raw-materials/european-buyers-uninterested-in-bpi-and-hbi-purchases-prices-up-nominally-due-to-freight-1441884.htm |
| S160 | Global HBI market bullish amid tight supply, ex-Libya tender closure to give further direction | SteelOrbis | 15 May 2026 | www.steelorbis.com/steel-prices/steel-prices-market-analyses/scrap-and-raw-materials/global-hbi-market-bullish-amid-tight-supply-ex-libya-tender-closure-to-give-further-direction-1453988.htm |
| S161 | Average prices for Brazilian pig iron fell by $20/t in September | GMK Center | 4 Oct 2026 | gmk.center/?p=129748 |
| S162 | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism | European Commission (DG TAXUD) | n.d. | taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism_en |
| S163 | EU adopts CBAM Omnibus Regulation | EY | 22 Oct 2025 | www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/eu-adopts-cbam-omnibus-regulation |
| S164 | Price of CBAM certificates | European Commission | 5 Oct 2026 (latest) | taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism/price-cbam-certificates_en |
| S165 | Regulation (EU) 2023/956 (CBAM), Annex I | EUR-Lex (OJ L 130) | 16 May 2023 | eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956 |
| S166 | Check if you’ll need to register for CBAM; Prepare for CBAM | HMRC / GOV.UK | upd. Jul-Sep 2026 | www.gov.uk/government/collections/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism |
| S167 | Commercial Metals Company to invest $300 million in its third micro mill | Steel Technology | n.d. | www.steel-technology.com/projects/commercial-metals-company-to-invest-300-million-inits-third-micro-mil |
| S168 | West Virginia announces CMC to build $450 million micro mill in Berkeley County | WV Press | 8 Dec 2022 | wvpress.org/breaking-news/west-virginia-announces-commercial-metals-company-to-build-450-million-micro-mill-in-berkeley-county/ |
| S169 | Midrex history | Midrex Technologies | n.d. | www.midrex.com/history/ |
| S170 | Kribi: le Premier ministre, chef du gouvernement est là | Cameroon Tribune | 30 Dec 2024 | cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68499/fr.html/details_2 |
| S171 | Le Cameroun se dote d’un nouveau Plan directeur d’industrialisation | Le360 Afrique | 4 Apr 2017 | afrique.le360.ma/autres-pays/economie/2017/04/04/10804-le-cameroun-se-dote-dun-nouveau-plan-directeur-dindustrialisation-10804/ |
| S172 | « Des actions concrètes pour renforcer les infrastructures industrielles » (MINMIDT) | Cameroon Tribune | 1 Nov 2024 | cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/67712/fr.html/details_2 |
| S173 | Cameroon cuts PIISAH allocation to CFA12.5bn in 2026 | Business in Cameroon | 15 Dec 2025 | www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/1512-15509-cameroon-cuts-piisah-allocation-to-cfa12-5bn-in-2026 |
| S174 | Tariff profile: Cameroon | WTO | n.d. | www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/tariff_profiles/CM_e.pdf |
| S175 | Mining 2026, Cameroon (Chazai Wamba) | Chambers Global Practice Guides | updated 27 Jan 2026 | practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/mining-2026/cameroon |
Cite this chapter
Cameroon Steel (2026). Cameroon’s steel gap lies in iron units, not in rebar. White paper 04, annex C: Sources. CS-WP-04. https://www.cameroon-steel.com/en/library/market-outlook/annex-sources/
Source