Contact

Language

The project

Work with us

Go deeper

Reading comfort

Text size

Language

From mineral resource to industrial value

White paper 09 · Annex D

Data tables

This annex gives, for every chart in the paper, the values that are plotted, with their units, status and sources, so that each exhibit can be reproduced, checked and read without the graphic. The values are those of the chart data files published with the web edition of this paper (one file per figure). Figures are rounded as in the charts; shares and midpoints are calculated by Cameroon Steel from the values shown. The status follows the convention of the paper: sourced values are taken from the cited source, derived values are arithmetic on sourced inputs, and illustrative values are scenario calculations whose assumptions are listed in Annex A. n/r: not reported; n/a: not applicable or not available.

Reading
12 min
Length
2,685 words
Edition of
10 October 2026
In this chapter (10)
  1. D.1 Executive summary and Chapter 1: trade, growth and reserves
  2. D.2 Chapter 2: the steel import bill
  3. D.3 Chapter 3: import substitution and protection
  4. D.4 Chapter 4: value added and linkages
  5. D.5 Chapter 5: employment
  6. D.6 Chapter 6: fiscal effects
  7. D.7 Chapter 7: competitiveness at border prices
  8. D.8 Chapter 8: the regional market
  9. D.9 Chapter 9: an illustrative footprint
  10. D.10 Chapter 10: policy sequence

D.1 Executive summary and Chapter 1: trade, growth and reserves

Table D.1 Data for Figure ES.1: Cameroon imports under HS chapter 72, 2019 to 2025

Year Tonnes Value, bn FCFA Average unit value, FCFA per kg
2019 182,890 93.0 509
2020 278,981 172.3 618
2021 297,633 218.0 733
2022 283,589 222.1 783
2023 304,062 186.7 614
2024 309,682 137.2 443
2025 (provisional) 412,049 170.1 413

Source: INS, notes on foreign trade 2020 to 2025 [C01] to [C05]; unit value calculated by Cameroon Steel. Status: sourced. Unit values are derived.

Table D.2 Data for Figure 1.1: real growth of GDP and of construction,% per year

Year Real GDP growth, INS national accounts Real GDP growth, IMF WEO April 2026 Construction (BTP) real growth, INS
2020 n/a n/a 6.7
2021 3.4 n/a 7.3
2022 3.7 n/a 4.2
2023 3.3 3.3 2.3
2024 3.5 3.5 4.3
2025 3.5 3.1 4.3
2026 (projection) n/a 3.3 n/a
2027 (projection) n/a 3.8 n/a
2028 (projection) n/a 4.2 n/a

Source: INS, national accounts 2025 [C09]; IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2026 [C10]. Status: sourced. IMF values for 2026 to 2028 are projections.

Table D.3 Data for Figure 1.2: iron and steel imports (HS 72 + 73) and the merchandise trade deficit

Year Iron and steel imports, HS 72 + 73, bn FCFA Merchandise trade deficit, bn FCFA Share of the deficit,%
2023 295.8 2,004.0 14.8
2024 240.3 1,747.3 13.8
2025 (provisional) 278.1 2,145.2 13.0

Source: INS foreign trade notes 2023 to 2025 [C03][C04][C05]; shares calculated by Cameroon Steel. Status: derived.

Table D.4 Data for Figure 1.3: gross foreign-exchange reserves of the CEMAC union

Date Reserves, bn FCFA Import cover
End-2024 7,295 n/a
End-January 2025 7,515 BEAC projection at the time: 4.8 months of imports for 2025
End-2025 6,377.3 4.2 months of imports

Source: BEAC via Gabon Media Time, 2 January 2026 [P06]; AllAfrica, 17 December 2025 [P07]; EcoMatin, 1 April 2025 [P08]. Status: sourced.

D.2 Chapter 2: the steel import bill

Table D.5 Data for Figure 2.1: HS chapter 72 imports by 4-digit line, 2023

HS line US$ million Share of chapter 72,%
7207 Billets and semi-finished 151.7 49
7209 Cold-rolled flat 52.0 17
7210 Coated flat 32.2 10
7216 Angles, shapes, sections 26.3 8
7208 Hot-rolled flat 18.3 6
7213 Wire rod 8.1 3
7217 Wire 5.1 2
7214 Rebar and bars 3.3 1
Other chapter 72 lines 13.4 4
Chapter 72 total 310.4 100

Source: UN Comtrade public API, reporter Cameroon, 2023 [C06]; shares calculated by Cameroon Steel. Status: sourced.

Table D.6 Data for Figure 2.2: billet imports (HS 7207) by partner, 2023

Partner Thousand tonnes Share of total,%
Indonesia 125.5 78
Qatar 20.8 13
South Africa 9.8 6
United Arab Emirates 3.0 2
Rep. of Congo 2.3 1
All origins (HS 7207 total) 161.4 100

Source: UN Comtrade public API, reporter Cameroon, partner detail, 2023 [C06]; shares calculated by Cameroon Steel. Status: sourced.

Table D.7 Data for Figure 2.3: imports of selected long-product lines, thousand tonnes

Year 7207 Billets (iron units) 7213 Wire rod 7214 Rebar and bars (imports banned since 2016)
2019 52.5 50.8 3.7
2020 89.9 53.9 14.0
2021 110.5 58.1 7.3
2022 151.2 22.8 4.9
2023 161.4 7.8 n/r

Source: UN Comtrade public API, reporter Cameroon [C06]. Status: sourced. The 2023 rebar quantity was not reported (value US$3.3 million).

D.3 Chapter 3: import substitution and protection

Table D.8 Data for Figure 3.1: Algeria, import share of steel use and net steel trade

Indicator 2021 2024 2025
Imports as a share of apparent steel use,% 35 n/a 16
Net steel trade, Mt about −1 (net deficit) n/a about +1 (net surplus)
Steel imports, Mt n/a 1.22 0.65

Source: GMK Center, 2 September 2026 and 28 July 2026 [A03][A04]. Status: sourced. Imports in 2024 and 2025 are given for context; they are not plotted.

Table D.9 Data for Figure 3.2: Ø12 FE500 rebar, Douala, October 2023, US$ per tonne at 621 FCFA per US$

Component Range Midpoint plotted
FOB Türkiye rebar 550 to 575 562.5
Freight and insurance (assumed) 40 to 80 60
CET duty, 20% of CIF 118 to 131 124.5
African Union levy, 0.2% 1.4 to 1.6 1.5
Port, clearance and delivery (assumed) 20 to 40 30
Duty-paid import parity 729 to 828 778
Homologated price, if listed ex VAT 1,020 n/a
Homologated price, if listed VAT-inclusive (ex VAT equivalent) 855 n/a

Source: AISU, 22 October 2023 [G37]; CET [P24]; AU levy [P19]; EcoMatin, 23 October 2023 [C44]; ECB [W13]; freight and port costs are assumptions (Annex A). Status: derived. The chart labels the two homologated-price readings "ex VAT" (855) and "as listed" (1,020); see Chapter 3 for the VAT basis.

D.4 Chapter 4: value added and linkages

Table D.10 Data for Figure 4.1: output and value-added multipliers, Cameroon SAM 2016

Commodity Output multiplier Value-added multiplier
Transport and storage 2.63 1.77
Electricity 2.36 1.41
Repair and installation of machinery 2.31 1.34
Construction work 2.26 1.35
Wood products 1.95 1.27
Agricultural products 1.85 1.34
Cocoa, coffee, tea and sugar 1.65 0.97
Drinks 1.31 0.79
Basic metal products 1.09 0.58
Other non-metallic minerals (cement) 0.91 0.50
Chemical products 0.54 0.31
Machinery and appliances 0.08 0.05

Source: El Meligi, Ferreira, Nechifor and Ferrari (2023), SAM 2016 for Cameroon, Table 2 [W02]. Status: sourced. FCFA of output or value added per FCFA of final demand.

Table D.11 Data for Figure 4.2: quantities shown on the linkage map, RC-1 planning balance

Quantity Phase 1 (0.3 Mtpa) Full capacity (1 Mtpa)
Electricity use, GWh per year 289 753
Inbound port volumes, tonnes per year 351,000 1,239,000
Truck loads per day (as shown in the chart) 74 245
Slag, tonnes per year 44,681 148,936

Source: Cameroon Steel reference configuration RC-1 (planning estimate), planning balance, edition 10 October 2026 [F]. Status: derived. Planned and indicative figures, not commitments.

D.5 Chapter 5: employment

Table D.12 Data for Figure 5.1: direct jobs per million tonnes of annual capacity or output

Plant or benchmark Direct jobs per Mt Route or scope
US rebar micro-mills (Nucor NC, CMC WV) 510 scrap EAF and rolling
Tosyali Algérie flat complex 880 scope unclear
RC-1 full 1 Mtpa (indicative) 1,100 planned
RC-1 Phase 1, 0.3 Mtpa (planned) 1,667 planned
EU steel industry average 2,041 all routes
Prometal 4 and 5, Douala 2,778 rolling-led
Devki Kwale, Kenya 5,000 ore-based

Source: Nucor [T20]; West Virginia Public Broadcasting [T23]; Algérie Eco [A25]; EUROFER [P02]; Journal du Cameroun [C25]; Capital FM Kenya [A23]; Cameroon Steel RC-1 [F]; ratios calculated by Cameroon Steel. Status: derived.

Table D.13 Data for Figure 5.2: total jobs supported per direct steel job

Source Total jobs per direct job Coverage
RC-1 planning basis (Phase 1) 3.0 1,000 indirect jobs for 500 direct
South Africa, SEIFSA (reported) 6.0 employment multiplier as reported
EU steel, Type I (EUROFER) 6.2 direct and indirect
World, worldsteel / Oxford Economics 7.5 2 direct to 13 in the supply chain
EU steel, Type II (EUROFER) 8.6 direct, indirect and induced
US iron and steel mills, EPI 10.2 supplier 6.2 and induced 3.1 per direct job

Source: Cameroon Steel RC-1 [F]; Engineering News, 26 January 2024 [W03]; EUROFER 2025 [P02]; worldsteel 2019 [P01]; EPI 2019 [W01]. Status: sourced.

D.6 Chapter 6: fiscal effects

Table D.14 Data for Figure 6.1: annual fiscal ledger per 100,000 tonnes of domestic rebar displacing re-rolled imported billets, bn FCFA

Item Low High
Customs duty forgone on avoided billet imports −3.32 −2.99
Customs duty on imported scrap and HBI (S1 only) +2.76 +3.06
Payroll-linked taxes and contributions (direct jobs) +0.16 +0.41
Net at the border and on payroll, S1 (imported metallics) −0.40 +0.48
Net at the border and on payroll, S3 (domestic iron units) −3.16 −2.58

Source: CET [P24]; PwC [P19][W05][W06]; Cameroon Steel RC-1 jobs [F]; wages assumed (Annex A). Net lines summed by Cameroon Steel. Status: illustrative. Before VAT, corporate tax and incentives; the chart rounds to one decimal.

D.7 Chapter 7: competitiveness at border prices

Table D.15 Data for Figure 7.1 (left panel): international benchmark prices, 3 October 2026, US$ per tonne

Product and basis Price range
HBI, CFR Mediterranean (May 2026) 385 to 395
Scrap HMS 1&2 80:20, CFR Türkiye 403
Billet, FOB China 465 to 470
Billet, FOB Russia 470 to 480
HRC, FOB Russia 505 to 510
Billet, CFR Türkiye (ex-CIS) 515 to 525
Rebar, FOB Türkiye 620 to 630
Wire rod, FOB Türkiye 650 to 660
CRC 1 mm, FOB China 660 to 670

Source: AISU, 3 October 2026 [G34]; HBI: SteelOrbis, 15 May 2026 [W10]. Status: sourced.

Table D.16 Data for Figure 7.1 (right panel): dated price snapshots, US$ per tonne

Snapshot Rebar, FOB Türkiye Billet, FOB Russia or Black Sea
22 October 2023 [G37] 550 to 575 n/a
6 October 2024 [G38] n/a 470 to 495
5 November 2024 [G36] 580 to 600 n/a
18 October 2025 [G35] 545 to 555 430 to 440
March 2026 [G40] n/a 459
Report of 17 September 2026, earlier quotation [G39] 590 n/a
Report of 17 September 2026, latest quotation [G39] 615 n/a
3 October 2026 [G34] 620 to 630 470 to 480

Source: AISU weekly price reports [G34] to [G38]; GMK Center [G39][G40]. Status: sourced.

Table D.17 Data for Figure 7.2: landed, duty-paid cost of imports at October 2026 prices, US$ per tonne

Product FOB (midpoint) Freight and insurance CET duty AU levy Port and delivery Landed (midpoint) Range
Billet (FOB China or Russia) 472.5 60 53.3 (10%) 1.2 25 612 572 to 652
Wire rod (FOB Türkiye) 655 60 35.8 (5%) 1.5 25 777 741 to 814
Rebar (FOB Türkiye) 625 60 137.0 (20%) 1.6 25 849 809 to 889

Source: AISU, 3 October 2026 [G34]; CET [P24]; AU levy [P19]; freight (40 to 80) and port and delivery (15 to 35) are assumptions (Annex A). Status: derived.

Table D.18 Data for Figure 7.3: illustrative cash cost per tonne, merchant billet and rebar (Phase 1 configuration), US$ per tonne, before capital charges

Cost component Billet, low Billet, central Billet, high Rebar, low Rebar, central Rebar, high
Metallics 460 486 512 484 511 538
Duty and AU levy on imported metallics (10.2%) 47 50 52 49 52 55
Electricity 16 40 99 30 70 169
Electrodes, alloys, refractories, gases 35 45 55 45 60 75
Labour 8 11 15 13 19 26
Maintenance and overheads 15 22 30 25 35 45
Delivery to market 10 15 20 12 18 25
Total cash cost 591 668 783 657 765 933
Electricity price case, FCFA per kWh 18.4 43.7 105.5 18.4 43.7 105.5
Duty-paid import parity (range) 572 to 652 572 to 652 572 to 652 809 to 889 809 to 889 809 to 889

Source: Cameroon Steel RC-1 balance [F]; AISU [G34]; SteelOrbis [W10]; ARSEL [E15][E17][E37][E38]; assumptions (Annex A). Series basis of White paper 04, section 8.6: power converted at 600 FCFA per US$, 10.2% duty and levy on metallics; billets 525 to 565 kWh per tonne, rebar 963 kWh per tonne. Status: illustrative. Components are rounded and may not add exactly to the totals. Rebar CIF before duty: 660 to 710.

D.8 Chapter 8: the regional market

Table D.19 Data for Figure 8.1: HS chapter 72 imports by CEMAC member, 2023

Country US$ million Share of CEMAC total,%
Cameroon 310.4 62
Chad 73.4 15
Gabon 68.5 14
Republic of the Congo 33.9 7
Equatorial Guinea 11.6 2
Central African Republic 3.4 1
CEMAC total 501.2 100
Nigeria, 2024 (context) 225.7 n/a

Source: UN Comtrade [C06][C07]; Chad and Equatorial Guinea from partner mirror data; shares calculated by Cameroon Steel. Status: derived.

Table D.20 Data for Figure 8.2: rebar and bar trade flows in CEMAC, year as stated

Flow Thousand tonnes
Gabon, rebar imports (2023) 50.7
Rep. of Congo, rebar imports (2024) 32.8
Cameroon, bar exports (2025) 31.0
Cameroon, bar exports (2023) 27.1
Cameroon, bar exports to Chad (2023) 25.9
Central African Rep., rebar imports (2023) 1.0

Source: UN Comtrade [C06][C07]; INS 2023 and 2025 [C04][C05]. Status: sourced. Each flow is shown for the year stated; the 2023 exports to Chad (Comtrade) are a separate flow, not a part of the 2025 total.

D.9 Chapter 9: an illustrative footprint

Table D.21 Data for Figure 9.1: RC-1 planned output by phase and Cameroon market benchmarks

Item Thousand tonnes per year
Phase 1, planned finished output 300
Phases 1+2, planned finished output 500
Full (1 Mtpa), planned finished output 1,000
Chapter 72 imports, 2025 412
Apparent steel use (about) 450
Domestic rebar demand (about) 180
Installed rebar rolling capacity (about) 627

Source: Cameroon Steel RC-1 phases [F]; INS 2025 [C05]; Camer.be, 1 October 2026 [C40]; Cameroon Tribune, 11 May 2026 [C30]. Status: derived. Phase volumes are planned or indicative, not commitments.

Table D.22 Data for Figure 9.2: net foreign exchange retained per tonne of domestic rebar, by iron-unit route, US$ per tonne

Route Imported content Net foreign exchange retained Share of CIF value (660 to 710),%
Status quo: re-rolling imported billets 540 to 612 48 to 170 7 to 24
S1: EAF on imported scrap and HBI 529 to 613 47 to 181 7 to 26
S2: domestic scrap 30 kt/yr (Phase 1, about 8% of the charge) 489 to 568 92 to 221 14 to 31
Sensitivity: 40% domestic scrap (not available at scale) 335 to 398 262 to 375 40 to 53
S3: domestic iron units (Cameroonian ore, gas) 65 to 115 545 to 645 83 to 91

Source: AISU [G34]; SteelOrbis [W10]; Cameroon Steel RC-1 balance and domestic-scrap planning assumption [F]; assumptions (Annex A). Status: illustrative. The 40% case is a sensitivity only: about 145,000 t a year in Phase 1 and 484,000 t at 1 Mtpa, against national arising of 53,000 to 62,000 t a year (2006) [C42].

Table D.23 Data for Figure 9.3: gross border value of output and net foreign exchange retained at full utilisation, bn FCFA per year

Phase Gross value at border prices Net, S1 imported scrap and HBI Net, S2 domestic scrap 30 kt/yr S2 across 0 to 60 kt/yr Net, S3 domestic iron units
Phase 1 113 to 121 8 to 31 16 to 38 8 to 45 93 to 110
Phases 1+2 190 to 213 16 to 62 23 to 69 16 to 76 158 to 194
Full (1 Mtpa) 390 to 455 40 to 154 48 to 160 40 to 167 324 to 418

Source: Cameroon Steel RC-1 volumes and domestic-scrap planning assumption [F]; scrap arising [C42]; prices AISU [G34] and SteelOrbis [W10]; INS 2025 [C05]; assumptions (Annex A); 570 FCFA per US$. Status: illustrative. Before capital service. The 2025 chapter 72 import bill, shown as a reference line, was 170.1 bn FCFA.

D.10 Chapter 10: policy sequence

Table D.24 Content of Figure 10.1: a performance-based sequence for steel trade and procurement policy

Step (from commissioning) Measures
Before entry Certified quality (NC 236); published cost and price data; power contract signed
Years 1 to 3 Tariff, not prohibition; price cap at import parity; procurement preference margin up to 10 to 15%
Years 4 to 6 Preference margin tapers; export share target; domestic scrap and iron-unit sourcing
Year 7 onwards Border price competition; trade defence only after an investigation; sunset review

Source: Cameroon Steel analysis (Chapter 10). Status: illustrative. The timetable is illustrative; protection falls as measured competitiveness rises.

Sources cited in this chapter

Bracketed markers refer to these sources; the full list is in the annex. Full list of sources

  1. C01Commerce extérieur du Cameroun en 2020. INS Cameroun, Jul 2021.ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-Commerce-exterieur-202…
  2. C05Évolution du commerce extérieur en 2025 (version provisoire). INS Cameroun, Feb 2026 (posted 1 Apr 2026).ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Note-sur-le-commerce-exteri…
  3. C09Les Comptes Nationaux de 2025. INS Cameroun, Aug 2026 (posted 2 Sep 2026).ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Comptes_Nationaux_2025_FR_V…
  4. C10World Economic Outlook DataMapper API (CMR: NGDP_RPCH, NGDPD, PCPIPCH). IMF, Apr 2026 WEO.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1/NGDP_RPCH/CMR
  5. C03Commerce extérieur du Cameroun en 2023. INS Cameroun, Apr 2024.ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Note-sur-le-Commerce-Exteri…
  6. C04Évolution du commerce extérieur en 2024. INS Cameroun, Aug 2025.ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Commext_2024_FR_Edite-final…
  7. P06CEMAC: après le repli de 2025, la BEAC table sur un redressement progressif des réserves de change. Gabon Media Time, 2 Jan 2026.gabonmediatime.com/cemac-apres-le-repli-de-2025-la-beac-table-sur-un-r…
  8. P07Zone Cémac: la BEAC annonce un ralentissement de croissance à 2,4%. AllAfrica (Les Dépêches de Brazzaville), 17 Dec 2025.fr.allafrica.com/stories/202512170629.html
  9. P08CEMAC: les réserves de change progressent de 9% à 7 515 milliards FCFA à fin janvier 2025. EcoMatin, 1 Apr 2025.ecomatin.net/cemac-les-reserves-de-change-progressent-de-9-a-7-515-mil…
  10. C06UN Comtrade public API: Cameroon (reporter 120), HS 72/73 and 6-digit lines, 2019-2023. UN Statistics Division.comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=120&period=20…
  11. A03Protecting the steel market: how it’s done in North Africa. GMK Center, 2 Sep 2026.gmk.center/en/posts/protecting-the-steel-market-how-it-s-done-in-north…
  12. A04Algeria’s steel industry: why is it growing. GMK Center, 28 Jul 2026.gmk.center/en/posts/algeria-s-steel-industry-why-is-it-growing/
  13. G37Weekly steel prices (archive 23160). AISU, 22 Oct 2023.aisusteel.org/en/archives/23160
  14. P24WITS TRAINS API: Cameroon reported MFN tariffs by HS6 (2023). World Bank / UNCTAD.wits.worldbank.org/API/V1/SDMX/V21/datasource/TRN/reporter/120/partner…
  15. P19Cameroon, Republic of: Corporate, Other taxes. PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, reviewed 14 Aug 2026.taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/corporate/other-taxes
  16. C44Fer à béton: les producteurs acceptent une baisse des prix. EcoMatin, 23 Oct 2023.ecomatin.net/fer-a-beton-les-producteurs-acceptent-une-baisse-des-prix
  17. W13Euro foreign exchange reference rates, US dollar, monthly averages (series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A). European Central Bank.data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/EXR/M.USD.EUR.SP00.A
  18. W02Environmental sustainability and job creation: a SAM-based approach for Cameroon (A. El Meligi, V. Ferreira, V. Nechifor, E. Ferrari). European Commission Joint Research Centre; GTAP resource 11157 via AgEcon Search, 2023.ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333428
  19. FCameroon Steel reference configuration RC-1 (planning estimate), edition 10 October 2026 (RC-1.1). Cameroon Steel, 10 Oct 2026.Cited by title and date
  20. T20Nucor to build new rebar micro mill in North Carolina. Nucor Corp., 7 Apr 2022.nucor.com/news-release/nucor-to-build-new-rebar-micro-mill-in-north-ca…
  21. T23Rebar manufacturing facility coming to Eastern Panhandle. West Virginia Public Broadcasting, 8 Dec 2022.wvpublic.org/story/economy/rebar-manufacturing-facility-coming-to-east…
  22. A25Tosyali Algérie: mise en service du complexe des tôles d’acier plat (2,5 Mt). Algérie Eco, 28 Nov 2024.algerie-eco.com/2024/11/28/tosyali-algerie-mise-en-service-du-complexe…
  23. P02European Steel in Figures 2025. EUROFER, Jun 2025.eurofer.eu/assets/publications/brochures-booklets-and-factsheets/europ…
  24. C25Prometal inaugure deux usines évaluées à 57 milliards F. Journal du Cameroun, 19 Jan 2024.fr.journalducameroun.com/prometal-inaugure-deux-usines-evaluees-a-57-m…
  25. A23Devki opens Sh50bn steel plant in Kwale. Capital FM Kenya, 20 Nov 2022.capitalfm.africa/devki-opens-sh50bn-steel-plant-in-kwale/
  26. W03More than 290 000 jobs on the line as steel sector continues its decline, Seifsa warns (S. Burger). Engineering News (Creamer Media), 26 Jan 2024.engineeringnews.co.za/article/more-than-290-000-jobs-on-the-line-as-st…
  27. P01Economic and social impact of the global steel industry (infographic). worldsteel / Oxford Economics, May 2019.worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Steel-social-and-economic-impact.pdf
  28. W01Updated employment multipliers for the U.S. economy (J. Bivens). Economic Policy Institute, 23 Jan 2019.epi.org/publication/updated-employment-multipliers-for-the-u-s-economy…
  29. W05Cameroon, Republic of: Corporate, taxes on corporate income. PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, reviewed 14 Aug 2026.taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/corporate/taxes-on-corporate…
  30. W06Cameroon, Republic of: Individual, other taxes (social security, housing fund, employment fund). PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries.taxsummaries.pwc.com/republic-of-cameroon/individual/other-taxes
  31. G34Weekly steel prices (archive 40468). Arab Iron & Steel Union (AISU), 3 Oct 2026.aisusteel.org/en/archives/40468
  32. W10Global HBI market bullish amid tight supply, ex-Libya tender closure to give further direction. SteelOrbis, 15 May 2026.steelorbis.com/steel-prices/steel-prices-market-analyses/scrap-and-raw…
  33. G38Weekly steel prices (archive 29546). AISU, 6 Oct 2024.aisusteel.org/en/archives/29546
  34. G36Weekly steel prices (archive 30176). AISU, 5 Nov 2024.aisusteel.org/en/archives/30176
  35. G35Weekly steel prices (archive 36573). AISU, 18 Oct 2025.aisusteel.org/en/archives/36573
  36. G40Billet prices rose by $10-40 per ton in March in regional markets. GMK Center, 1 Apr 2026.gmk.center/en/news/billet-prices-rose-by-10-40-per-ton-in-march-in-reg…
  37. G39Key global markets are set for a rise in rebar prices. GMK Center, 17 Sep 2026.gmk.center/en/news/key-global-markets-are-set-for-a-rise-in-rebar-pric…
  38. E15Rapport d’activités 2025 de l’ARSEL. ARSEL (electricity regulator), 7 Sep 2026.arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Rapport-ARSEL-2025.pdf
  39. E17Décision fixant le montant de la RMA ENEO au titre de l’exercice 2025 (réajustée). ARSEL, 19 Dec 2025.arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Decision-fixant-le-Montant-de-…
  40. E37Tableaux tarifaires, Décision ARSEL N°00000427 (MT 2023-2025). ARSEL, uploaded Jan 2026.arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/TABLEAUX-TARIFAIRES-decision-M…
  41. E38Tarif transport et GRT (Décision 0000017D). ARSEL, 17 Jan 2025.arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/TARIF-TRANSPORT-ET-GRT-1.pdf
  42. C07UN Comtrade public API: CEMAC & Nigeria (reporters 266 Gabon, 178 Congo, 140 CAR, 566 Nigeria; mirror partners 148 Chad, 226 Eq. Guinea). UN Statistics Division.comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=266&period=20…
  43. C40Cameroun: Prometal décroche 26,2 milliards FCFA d’Afreximbank. Camer.be, 1 Oct 2026.camer.be/actualites/economie/cameroun-prometal-decroche-262-milliards-…
  44. C30Production: les acteurs en présence. Cameroon Tribune, 11 May 2026.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/76600/fr.html/details_2
  45. C42Bidoung J., Fomethe A., Yantio G., Melo U., La récupération et le recyclage des déchets ferromagnétiques: analyse de la situation au Cameroun (Déchets, Revue francophone d’écologie industrielle n°48). ENSP Yaoundé / MIPROMALO, Q4 2007.eid.episciences.org/7942/pdf

Cite this chapter

Cameroon Steel (2026). Domestic steel saves foreign exchange only when it competes at border prices. White paper 09, annex D: Data tables. CS-WP-09. https://www.cameroon-steel.com/en/library/economics-of-domestic-steel/annex-data/