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白皮书06 · 附录C · 英文原文

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Sources

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版本日期
2026年10月10日

本附录未收入中文摘要版,以下为英文原文。

Every source cited in this paper is listed below with its identifier, title, publisher, date and address. Identifiers appear in square brackets in the text, tables and figure source lines. Web addresses were accessed on or before 10 October 2026. Documents of the Port Autonome de Kribi are cited by title and date without a link. Secondary sources are labelled as such and were used only where no primary source was available to the authors.

Table C.1 Source register

ID Title Publisher Date Address
S01 Sustainability Indicators 2025 report (2024 data; route table added February 2026) worldsteel Nov 2025; upd. Feb 2026 worldsteel.org/wider-sustainability/sustainability-indicators/
S02 Climate change and the production of iron and steel (policy paper) worldsteel accessed 10 Oct 2026 worldsteel.org/climate-action/climate-change-and-the-production-of-iron-and-steel/
S03 World Steel in Figures 2026 worldsteel 4 Jun 2026 worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures/world-steel-in-figures-2026/
S04 December 2025 crude steel production and 2025 global totals worldsteel 23 Jan 2026 worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/december-2025-crude-steel-production-2025-global-crude-steel-production/
S05 Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap International Energy Agency Oct 2020 iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/eb0c8ec1-3665-4959-97d0-187ceca189a8/Iron_and_Steel_Technology_Roadmap.pdf
S06 Achieving Net Zero Heavy Industry Sectors in G7 Members International Energy Agency 19 May 2022 iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c4d96342-f626-4aea-8dac-df1d1e567135/AchievingNetZeroHeavyIndustrySectorsinG7Members.pdf
S07 Emissions Measurement and Data Collection for a Net Zero Steel Industry International Energy Agency 2023 www.iea.org/reports/emissions-measurement-and-data-collection-for-a-net-zero-steel-industry
S08 Making Net-Zero Steel Possible Mission Possible Partnership Sep 2022 missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel
S09 Mission Possible sectoral focus: Steel Energy Transitions Commission 2019 (Mission Possible, Nov 2018) www.energy-transitions.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ETC-sectoral-focus-Steel_final.pdf
S10 Green Iron Corridors RMI with the Green Hydrogen Catapult 2024 rmi.org/insight/green-iron-corridors/
S11 15 Insights on the Global Steel Transformation Agora Industry 15 Jun 2023 www.agora-industry.org/publications/15-insights-on-the-global-steel-transformation
S12 Green Iron, Shared Gains Agora Industry and Cambridge Econometrics 8 Oct 2026 www.agora-industry.org/publications/green-iron-shared-gains
S13 2025 World Direct Reduction Statistics Midrex Technologies Sep 2026 www.midrex.com/world-dri-statistics/world-dri-production-reaches-151-0-mt-in-2025/Midrex-STATS-book-2025-FINAL.pdf
S14 Pedal to the Metal 2026 Global Energy Monitor May 2026 globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/2026-05/Pedal%20to%20the%20Metal%202026.pdf
S15 ENERGIRON technology: DRI-EAF production route using natural gas or H2 European Commission, Innovation Centre for Industrial Transformation ref. 12 Feb 2026 innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/innovative-techniques/energiron-technology-drieaf-production-route-using-natural-gas-or-h2
S16 Suez Steel sets new benchmark in energy consumption for DRI production Danieli 16 Apr 2026 www.danieli.com/en/news-media/news/suez-steel-sets-new-benchmark-energy-consumption-dri-production_37_1051.htm
S17 Hydrogen uses in ironmaking (Midrex presentation, H2@Scale) US Department of Energy 1 Aug 2018 www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/08/f54/fcto-h2-scale-kickoff-2018-8-chevrier.pdf
S18 DRI-EAF implementation at Saarstahl and Dillinger steelworks (POWER4STEEL) European Commission, Innovation Centre for Industrial Transformation ref. Jul 2025 innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/innovative-techniques/drieaf-implementation-saarstahl-dillinger-steelworks-power4steel
S19 Best Available Techniques Reference Document for Iron and Steel Production (EUR 25521) European Commission, Joint Research Centre 2013 bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/IS_Adopted_03_2012.pdf
S20 Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Integrated Steel Mills IFC / World Bank Group 30 Apr 2007 www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-integrated-steel-mills-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf
S21 Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability IFC 1 Jan 2012 www.ifc.org/en/insights-reports/2012/ifc-performance-standards
S22 The Equator Principles EP4 Equator Principles Association Jul 2020 (effective 1 Oct 2020) equator-principles.com/app/uploads/The-Equator-Principles_EP4_July2020.pdf
S23 Paris alignment at IFC IFC accessed 10 Oct 2026 www.ifc.org/en/what-we-do/sector-expertise/climate-business/paris-alignment-at-ifc
S24 Joint MDB methodological principles for assessment of Paris alignment of new operations (presentation) Multilateral development banks (hosted by EIB) 5 Dec 2023 trad.eib.org/attachments/press/05-12-2023-joint-mdb-paris-alignment-presentation.pdf
S25 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism European Commission, DG TAXUD accessed 10 Oct 2026 taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism_en
S26 Price of CBAM certificates European Commission, DG TAXUD latest 5 Oct 2026 taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism/price-cbam-certificates_en
S27 Regulation (EU) 2023/956 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism, Annexes I and II Official Journal of the EU, L 130 16 May 2023 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956
S28 Directive (EU) 2023/959 amending the EU Emissions Trading System Directive Official Journal of the EU, L 130 16 May 2023 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023L0959
S29 EU adopts CBAM Omnibus Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2025/2083) EY 22 Oct 2025 www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/eu-adopts-cbam-omnibus-regulation
S30 Annexes to the Proposal amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the CBAM, COM(2025) 87 (Council document 6609/25 ADD 1) European Commission / Council of the EU 27 Feb 2025 data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-6609-2025-ADD-1/en/pdf
S31 EU Commission finalizes CBAM benchmarks, default values ahead of January 2026 launch EUROMETAL Dec 2025 eurometal.net/eu-commission-finalizes-cbam-benchmarks-default-values-ahead-of-january-2026-launch/
S32 European Commission issues CBAM operational rules and proposes downstream extension of the CBAM scope Mayer Brown Dec 2025 www.mayerbrown.com/ja/insights/publications/2025/12/european-commission-issues-cbam-operational-rules-and-proposes-downstream-extension-of-the-cbam-scope
S33 COM(2025) 989: proposal extending the CBAM to downstream goods European Commission (EUR-Lex) 17 Dec 2025 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025PC0989
S34 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): guidance collection HM Revenue and Customs, GOV.UK updated Jul to Sep 2026 www.gov.uk/government/collections/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism
S35 Final report from the Australian Carbon Leakage Review PwC Australia 2026 www.pwc.com.au/tax/tax-alerts/final-report-from-the-australian-carbon-leakage-review.html
S36 Factsheet: Action Plan on Steel and Metals European Commission Mar 2025 ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/attachment/880887/Factsheet%20-%20Action%20Plan%20on%20Steel%20and%20Metals.pdf
S37 The Decarbonisation Progress Levels ResponsibleSteel 23 Sep 2024 www.responsiblesteel.org/resources/the-decarbonisation-progress-levels
S38 Revisions to ResponsibleSteel’s Principle 10: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change ResponsibleSteel 23 Apr 2024 www.responsiblesteel.org/news/revisions-to-responsiblesteels-principle-10-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-climate-change
S39 The Steel Climate Standard Global Steel Climate Council accessed 10 Oct 2026 globalsteelclimatecouncil.org/the-standard/
S40 Germany introduces new green steel certification standard (Low Emission Steel Standard) EUROMETAL Apr 2024 eurometal.net/germany-introduces-new-green-steel-certification-standard/
S41 ISO 14404-1:2024 and ISO 14404-2:2024, Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production, Parts 1 and 2 International Organization for Standardization Sep 2024 www.iso.org/standard/88111.html
S42 ISO 14404-3:2024, Part 3: Steel plant with electric arc furnace and coal-based or gas-based direct reduction iron facility International Organization for Standardization 2024 www.iso.org/standard/85990.html
S43 ISO 14404-4:2020, Part 4: Guidance for using the ISO 14404 series International Organization for Standardization 2020 www.iso.org/standard/77622.html
S44 Life cycle inventory data and eco-profiles worldsteel accessed 10 Oct 2026 (2024 dataset released May 2026) worldsteel.org/steel-topics/life-cycle-thinking/life-cycle-inventory-data-and-eco-profiles/
S45 GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (2004) and Scope 2 Guidance (2015) World Resources Institute and WBCSD 2004; 2015 ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standard; ghgprotocol.org/scope-2-guidance
S46 ISO 14067:2018, Greenhouse gases: carbon footprint of products International Organization for Standardization 2018 www.iso.org/standard/71206.html
S47 ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations, Type III; EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, core rules for construction products ISO; European Committee for Standardization (CEN) 2006; 2019 www.iso.org/standard/38131.html
S48 Carbon intensity of electricity generation (Ember data) Our World in Data dataset accessed 10 Oct 2026 ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-intensity-electricity
S49 Electricity production by source (Ember and Energy Institute data) Our World in Data dataset accessed 10 Oct 2026 ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-prod-source-stacked
S50 Rapport d’activités 2025 de l’ARSEL ARSEL (electricity regulator, Cameroon) 7 Sep 2026 arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Rapport-ARSEL-2025.pdf
S51 Nachtigal power line delays leave 150 MW of industrial demand unmet Business in Cameroon 9 Oct 2026 www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/0910-16939-nachtigal-power-line-delays-leave-150-mw-of-industrial-demand-unmet
S52 Énergie: Nachtigal franchit le cap des 3,6 TWh injectés dans le réseau en un an Journal du Cameroun 15 Jun 2026 fr.journalducameroun.com/energie-nachtigal-franchit-le-cap-des-36-twh-injectes-dans-le-reseau-en-un-an/
S53 Cameroon: Energy (Country Commercial Guide) US International Trade Administration 13 Apr 2026 www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cameroon-energy
S54 Décision fixant le montant de la RMA ENEO au titre de l’exercice 2025 (réajustée) ARSEL 19 Dec 2025 arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Decision-fixant-le-Montant-de-le-RMA-Eneo-au-titre-de-lexercice-2025-du-19-12-2025.pdf
S55 Kribi franchit la ligne électrique 225 kV (communiqué) Port Autonome de Kribi 6 Aug 2025 Cited by title and date; no link given
S56 Énergie et infrastructures: un nouvel élan pour la compétitivité du Port de Kribi (communiqué) Port Autonome de Kribi 19 Aug 2026 Cited by title and date; no link given
S57 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2: Energy IPCC 2006 www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html
S58 Climate Change 2014: Mitigation, Annex III: Technology-specific cost and performance parameters IPCC Working Group III 2014 www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf
S59 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers IPCC Working Group I 2021 www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf
S60 Monographie du Nyong et des fleuves côtiers, Tome 1 (J.-C. Olivry) ORSTOM Jul 1979 horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers11-03/01948.pdf
S61 Kribi Deep Sea Port, investors partner to construct 125-million-tonne mineral terminal worth $2 billion Business in Cameroon 5 Nov 2025 www.businessincameroon.com/transport/0511-15300-kribi-deep-sea-port-investors-partner-to-construct-125-million-tonne-mineral-terminal-worth-2-billion
S62 Weakening of coastlines and coastal erosion in the Gulf of Guinea: the case of the Kribi coast (Fendoung, Tchindjang and Hubert-Ferrari), Land 11:1557 MDPI 2022 doi.org/10.3390/land11091557
S63 Geomatics-based assessment of coastal vulnerability in Kribi (Perabi et al.), Urban Resilience and Sustainability 3(4) AIMS Press Nov 2025 www.aimspress.com/aimspress-data/urs/2025/4/PDF/urs-03-04-012.pdf
S64 ERA5 reanalysis, daily series 1991 to 2020 for the Kribi grid cell (rainfall and temperature), via the Open-Meteo archive API ECMWF / Open-Meteo accessed 10 Oct 2026 archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=2.75&;longitude=10.00&start_date=1991-01-01&end_date=2020-12-31&daily=temperature_2m_max,temperature_2m_min,precipitation_sum&models=era5
S65 Working on a warmer planet: the impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work (as reported by UN News) International Labour Organization 1 Jul 2019 news.un.org/en/story/2019/07/1041652
S66 ISO 7243:2017, Ergonomics of the thermal environment: assessment of heat stress using the WBGT index International Organization for Standardization 2017 www.iso.org/standard/67188.html
S67 EU recycled 92% of steel slag in 2024 (EUROSLAG figures) GMK Center 1 Dec 2025 gmk.center/en/news/eu-recycled-92-of-steel-slag-in-2024-euroslag/
S68 Global recycled steel use reaches 630 million tonnes (BIR, World Steel Recycling in Figures) Recycling Product News 2026 www.recyclingproductnews.com/article/43829/global-recycled-steel-use-reaches-630-million-tonnes-in-2025
S69 Recycling of electric arc furnace dust (zinc recovery, Waelz process) Galvanizers Association n.d., accessed 10 Oct 2026 galvanizing.org.uk/?p=32698
S70 Befesa: steel dust and aluminium by-products recycling results 2024 Recycling Today 2025 recyclingtoday.com/news/befesa-steel-aluminum-byproducts-recycling-earnings-2024-europe-usa-china
S71 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (text) UNEP, Secretariat of the Basel Convention 1989, as amended www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx
S72 Kribi: le Premier ministre, chef du gouvernement est là (foundation stone of the Kribi steel complex) Cameroon Tribune 30 Dec 2024 cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68499/fr.html/details_2
S73 Industrialisation: la voie royale de l’émergence Cameroon Tribune 2 Jan 2025 cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/68558/fr.html/details_2
S74 Zone industrialo-portuaire de Kribi (KPIZ): jusqu’à +8 points de croissance et 150 000 emplois attendus sur 15 ans Investir au Cameroun 4 Mar 2026 www.investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/0403-23163-zone-industrialo-portuaire-de-kribi-kpiz-jusqu-a-8-points-de-croissance-et-150-000-emplois-attendus-sur-15-ans
S75 Iron Ore Quality a Potential Headwind to Green Steelmaking Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) Jun 2022 ieefa.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/Iron%20Ore%20Quality%20a%20Potential%20Headwind%20to%20Green%20Steelmaking_June%202022.pdf
S76 Global high-grade iron ore market is set to grow Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) Mar 2026 ieefa.org/sites/default/files/2026-03/IEEFA_Global%20high-grade%20iron%20ore%20market%20is%20set%20to%20grow_March%202026_0.pdf
S77 Global Gateway: Namibia becomes pioneer for Africa’s green transition European Commission, International Partnerships 11 Apr 2025 international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/global-gateway-namibia-becomes-pioneer-africas-green-transition-2025-04-11_en
S78 Namibia opens renewables-powered green iron plant Energize 15 Apr 2025 energize.co.za/article/namibia-opens-renewables-powered-green-iron-plant
S79 Global Hydrogen Review 2025 International Energy Agency 12 Sep 2025 www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2025
S80 Cameroon’s updated NDC sets 35% conditional emission cut target for 2030 Enerdata 2021 www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/cameroons-updated-ndc-sets-35-conditional-emission-cut-target-2030.html
S81 Arrêté n° 106/PM du 11 juillet 2025 portant approbation du Plan National Climat Prime Minister of Cameroon (MINEPDED) 11 Jul 2025 minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/decret-PM-plan-climat-1.pdf
S82 EU Emissions Trading System (factsheet) International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP) 2026 icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets
S83 Données pétrolières 2025 Société Nationale des Hydrocarbures (SNH) Jun 2026 snh.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Donnees-petrolieres-2025.pdf
S84 Le navire usine quitte le Cameroun, le gaz s’arrête Camer.be 9 Jul 2026 www.camer.be/93911/12:1/le-navire-usine-quitte-le-cameroun-le-gaz-sarrete-cameroon.html
S85 Cameroon’s SNH eyes Yoyo-Yolanda and new exploration blocks to sustain gas growth Business in Cameroon 6 Jul 2026 www.businessincameroon.com/energy/0607-16422-cameroon-s-snh-eyes-yoyo-yolanda-and-new-exploration-blocks-to-sustain-gas-growth
S86 Loi n° 2023/014 du 19 décembre 2023 portant Code minier Republic of Cameroon (FAOLEX) 19 Dec 2023 faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr223180.pdf
S87 Port de Kribi: un terminal minéralier d’avenir (memorandum of understanding for a mineral terminal) Port Autonome de Kribi 4 Nov 2025 Cited by title and date; no link given
S88 La récupération et le recyclage des déchets ferromagnétiques: analyse de la situation au Cameroun (Bidoung, Fomethe, Yantio, Melo), Déchets: revue francophone d’écologie industrielle no. 48 ENSP Yaoundé / MIPROMALO (Episciences) Q4 2007 eid.episciences.org/7942/pdf
S89 Cameroun: le groupe Prometal décroche 26 milliards FCFA auprès d’Afreximbank Sikafinance 30 Sep 2026 www.sikafinance.com/marches/cameroun-le-groupe-prometal-decroche-26-milliards-fcfa-aupres-dafreximbank-pour-renforcer-sa-production-dacier-et-conquerir-de-nouveaux-marches_64623
S90 Cameroon Steel reference configuration RC-1 (planning estimate): phases, planning values, balances and indicative schedule, edition 10 October 2026 Cameroon Steel 10 Oct 2026 Values used in this paper are printed in Annexes A and D; chart data are published with the web edition
S91 Cameroon country profile International Hydropower Association accessed 10 Oct 2026 www.hydropower.org/country-profiles/cameroon
S92 worldsteel Short Range Outlook, April 2026 worldsteel 14 Apr 2026 worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/worldsteel-short-range-outlook-april-2026/
S93 CBAM steel 2026: CN codes, emission factors, costs and compliance guide (route classification), secondary source CBAMguide accessed 10 Oct 2026 cbamguide.com/sectors/steel/
S94 Enhanced EAF steelmaking through continuous charging, scrap preheating (Consteel) European Commission, Innovation Centre for Industrial Transformation n.d., accessed 10 Oct 2026 innovation-centre-for-industrial-transformation.ec.europa.eu/innovative-techniques/enhanced-eaf-steelmaking-through-continuous-charging-scrap-preheating-and
S95 Regulation (EU) 2026/1384 (steel tariff-rate quota replacing the safeguard) Official Journal of the EU 24 Jun 2026 eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1384/oj/eng
S96 Weekly steel prices (archive 40468) Arab Iron and Steel Union (AISU) 3 Oct 2026 aisusteel.org/en/archives/40468
S97 Earthquake catalogue search, 400 km radius around Kribi, magnitude 3 and above, 1900 onwards US Geological Survey accessed 10 Oct 2026 earthquake.usgs.gov/fdsnws/event/1/query?format=csv&;latitude=2.75&longitude=10.00&maxradiuskm=400&minmagnitude=3&starttime=1900-01-01
S98 IEC 62305 series, Protection against lightning International Electrotechnical Commission 2010 onwards webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6793
S99 International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code International Maritime Organization accessed 10 Oct 2026 www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/BulkCarriers-Default.aspx
S100 BIR warns against sliding-scale steel green standards EUROMETAL accessed 10 Oct 2026 eurometal.net/bir-warns-against-sliding-scale-steel-green-standards/
S101 ISO 14064-3:2019, Greenhouse gases: specification for the verification and validation of GHG statements International Organization for Standardization 2019 www.iso.org/standard/66455.html
S102 IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures IFRS Foundation, International Sustainability Standards Board Jun 2023 www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigator/ifrs-s2-climate-related-disclosures/
S103 Décision portant compensation tarifaire ENEO au titre de l’exercice 2024 ARSEL 27 Dec 2024 arsel-cm.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2024-Decsision-Tarifaire-2024-du-27-12-2024.pdf
S104 CBAM legislation and guidance: implementing acts, including Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2620 (benchmarks) and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 (default values) European Commission, DG TAXUD accessed 10 Oct 2026 taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism/cbam-legislation-and-guidance_en
S105 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Chapter 8, Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing (global warming potentials; SF6 = 23,500) IPCC Working Group I 2013 www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
S106 SRTM 30 m digital surface model, accessed through the OpenTopoData API NASA; OpenTopoData accessed 10 Oct 2026 www.opentopodata.org/datasets/srtm/

Source: Cameroon Steel. Chart data files published with the web edition list, for each exhibit, the identifiers of the sources used.

引用本章

Cameroon Steel(2026)。喀麦隆低碳钢铁:碳强度有望降至全球平均的三分之一左右(中文摘要版)。白皮书06,附录C:资料来源。CS-WP-06。https://www.cameroon-steel.com/zh/library/lower-carbon-steel/annex-sources/