白皮书10 · 附录B · 中文摘要
术语表
下表列出本白皮书主要术语的英文、法文和中文对应译法。法文术语与本白皮书法文全文版一致，中文术语遵循本系列白皮书的统一译法。标准编号和牌号（如NC 236、EN 10080、Fe500、B500B）在三种语言中保持不变。
本页为本章中文摘要；英文全文附于其后，可展开阅读。
| English | Français | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| Reinforcing bar (rebar) | rond à béton (armatures pour béton armé) | 钢筋（螺纹钢） |
| Grade; declared grade | nuance ; nuance déclarée | 牌号；标称牌号 |
| Yield strength (Re, fy) | limite d'élasticité (Re, fy) | 屈服强度（Re，fy） |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | résistance à la traction (Rm) | 抗拉强度（Rm） |
| Strain at maximum force (Agt) | allongement total sous force maximale (Agt) | 最大力总延伸率（Agt） |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | allongement après rupture (A) | 断后伸长率（A） |
| Strength ratio Rm/Re | rapport Rm/Re | 强屈比（Rm/Re） |
| Ductility; ductility class A, B, C | ductilité ; classe de ductilité A, B, C | 延性；延性等级A、B、C |
| Characteristic value | valeur caractéristique | 特征值 |
| Design value; partial factor | valeur de calcul ; coefficient partiel | 设计值；分项系数 |
| Safety margin | marge de sécurité | 安全裕度 |
| Overstrength | surrésistance | 超强 |
| Bond; ribs; relative rib area (fR) | adhérence ; nervures ; surface relative des nervures (fR) | 粘结；横肋；相对肋面积（fR） |
| Mass per metre | masse linéique | 每米质量 |
| Undersize bar; light bar | barre sous-dimensionnée ; barre trop légère | 直径偏小的钢筋；偏轻钢筋 |
| Tolerance | tolérance | 允许偏差 |
| Tensile test | essai de traction | 拉伸试验 |
| Bend test; rebend test | essai de pliage ; essai de pliage-dépliage | 弯曲试验；反向弯曲试验 |
| Carbon equivalent (Ceq) | carbone équivalent (Ceq) | 碳当量（Ceq） |
| Weldability | soudabilité | 可焊性 |
| Quenching and self-tempering (QST, Tempcore) | trempe et autorevenu (QST, Tempcore) | 淬火自回火（QST，Tempcore） |
| Microalloying | microalliage | 微合金化 |
| Cold working; re-rolling | écrouissage à froid ; relaminage | 冷加工；再轧 |
| Electric arc furnace (EAF) | four à arc électrique (FAE) | 电弧炉 |
| Ladle furnace | four-poche | 钢包精炼炉 |
| Continuous casting; billet | coulée continue ; billette | 连铸；钢坯 |
| Heat; heat number | coulée ; numéro de coulée | 炉次；炉号 |
| Scrap; iron units | ferraille ; unités de fer | 废钢；含铁原料 |
| Direct reduced iron (DRI) / hot briquetted iron (HBI) | fer de réduction directe (DRI) / fer briqueté à chaud (HBI) | 直接还原铁（DRI）/ 热压块铁（HBI） |
| Wire rod; welded mesh; sections | fil machine ; treillis soudé ; profilés | 线材；焊接钢筋网；型材 |
| Rolled-in mark (marking) | marquage de laminage (marquage) | 轧制标识（标识） |
| Factory production control | contrôle de la production en usine | 工厂生产控制 |
| Statistical process control; control chart | maîtrise statistique des procédés ; carte de contrôle | 统计过程控制；控制图 |
| Traceability | traçabilité | 可追溯性 |
| Inspection certificate type 3.1 (EN 10204) | certificat de réception 3.1 (EN 10204) | 3.1型检验证书（EN 10204） |
| Certification; third-party certification | certification ; certification par tierce partie | 认证；第三方认证 |
| Homologation (of a standard, of prices); homologated price | homologation ; prix homologué | 批准（标准）；价格核定；核定价格 |
| Testing laboratory; accreditation | laboratoire d'essais ; accréditation | 检测实验室；认可 |
| Quality infrastructure | infrastructure qualité | 质量基础设施 |
| Market surveillance; point of sale | surveillance du marché ; point de vente | 市场监督；销售点 |
| Site acceptance | réception sur chantier | 进场验收 |
| Public procurement; public works contract | commande publique ; marché de travaux publics | 公共采购；公共工程合同 |
| Building permit | permis de bâtir | 建筑许可 |
| Concrete cover; spacer; curing | enrobage ; cale d'enrobage ; cure | 保护层；垫块；养护 |
| Water/cement ratio; exposure class | rapport eau/ciment ; classe d'exposition | 水灰比；环境作用等级 |
| Carbonation; chlorides; passive film | carbonatation ; chlorures ; film passif | 碳化；氯离子；钝化膜 |
| Corrosion initiation; propagation | amorçage de la corrosion ; propagation | 锈蚀起始；锈蚀发展 |
| Evidence gaps | lacunes de connaissance | 证据缺口 |
| Executive summary | synthèse | 执行摘要 |
| Cameroonian standard NC 236 | norme camerounaise NC 236 | 喀麦隆标准NC 236 |
| Standards and Quality Agency (ANOR) | Agence des normes et de la qualité (ANOR) | 喀麦隆标准与质量局（ANOR） |
| Pre-shipment conformity assessment programme (PECAE) | Programme d'évaluation de la conformité avant embarquement (PECAE) | 装运前合格评定计划（PECAE） |
| Ministry of Commerce (MINCOMMERCE) | ministère du Commerce (MINCOMMERCE) | 商务部（MINCOMMERCE） |
| Ministry of Public Contracts (MINMAP) | ministère des Marchés publics (MINMAP) | 公共采购部（MINMAP） |
| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (MINHDU) | ministère de l'Habitat et du Développement urbain (MINHDU) | 住房和城市发展部（MINHDU） |
| Kribi integrated industrial-port zone (KPIZ) | Zone industrialo-portuaire de Kribi | 克里比港综合工业区（KPIZ） |
| Illustrative view | Vue d'illustration | 示意图 |
| sourced / derived / assumed / illustrative | sourcé / dérivé / hypothèse / illustratif | 来源 / 推算 / 假设 / 示意 |
全文版本。本白皮书的全文（共十章、证据缺口一章和四个附录：方法与推算、术语表、来源清单、图表数据表）以英文和法文发布。本中文摘要版中的每个来源标记[S-id]均对应全文版附录C中的同一来源；如各语言版本存在差异，以英文版为准。
英文全文 5分钟 · 1184词Glossary of terms and abbreviations
The glossary defines the technical terms and abbreviations used in the paper in plain language. Where a term has a precise definition in a standard, the definition given here is a simplified explanation, and the standard governs.
Table B.1 Terms and abbreviations
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Agt | Total elongation at maximum force: the strain, in per cent, that a bar reaches in a tensile test at the moment it carries its highest load. The main European measure of usable ductility |
| Anchorage length | Length of bar embedded beyond the point where it is needed, over which bond transfers its force to the concrete |
| ANOR | Agence des Normes et de la Qualité, Cameroon’s standards and quality agency, organised by Decree No. 2009/296. Drafts and homologates national standards, certifies products and runs PECAE |
| ARSO | African Organisation for Standardisation |
| ASTM A615, A706 | American specifications for deformed carbon-steel bars (A615) and low-alloy weldable bars with controlled properties (A706) |
| B500A, B500B, B500C | European reinforcing steel grades with a characteristic yield of 500 MPa and ductility classes A, B and C |
| BAEL 91 | Former French rules for the design of reinforced concrete, widely used in francophone Africa before the Eurocodes |
| Bend test, rebend test | Tests in which a bar is bent round a mandrel (bend) or bent, aged and bent back (rebend) and inspected for cracks; they reveal brittleness |
| Billet | Square semi-finished steel cast in a continuous caster, reheated and rolled into bars or rod |
| Bond | The transfer of force between a bar and the surrounding concrete, provided mainly by the bar’s ribs |
| Carbon equivalent (Ceq, CEV) | Index combining carbon and alloying elements to predict hardenability and weldability; for European reinforcing steels Ceq = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15, limited to 0.50% |
| Carbonation | Reaction of carbon dioxide from the air with concrete, which lowers its alkalinity and can lead to corrosion of reinforcement |
| Characteristic value | A value that a stated proportion of production (usually 95%) is expected to exceed; the basis of design strengths |
| Charpy impact test | Test in which a notched specimen is broken by a pendulum to measure toughness, used to grade structural steels (JR, J0, J2) |
| Chloride threshold | Chloride content at the steel surface above which the passive film breaks down and corrosion can start |
| Class A, B, C (ductility) | Eurocode 2 classes of reinforcement defined by minimum strength ratio and strain at maximum force; class C is the most ductile |
| Cold working | Strengthening steel by deforming it at room temperature (stretching, twisting, cold-rolling), which reduces ductility |
| Control chart | Chart of process results against control limits, used in statistical process control |
| Cover | The thickness of concrete between the surface of a bar and the nearest concrete surface |
| Curing | Keeping fresh concrete moist and protected so that cement hydrates fully, especially in the cover zone |
| Direct reduced iron (DRI), hot briquetted iron (HBI) | Iron produced by reducing iron ore in the solid state, used with scrap in electric arc furnaces to dilute residual elements |
| Ductility | The ability of steel to deform plastically before breaking |
| EAF | Electric arc furnace: a furnace that melts scrap and direct reduced iron using electric arcs |
| EN 10080 | European standard giving general technical delivery conditions for weldable reinforcing steel |
| EN 10204 | European standard defining types of inspection documents (2.2 test report, 3.1 and 3.2 inspection certificates) |
| EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) | European code for the design of concrete structures |
| EN 206 | European standard for the specification and production of concrete, including exposure classes and limiting values |
| Exposure class | Classification of the environment of a concrete element (for example XC carbonation, XS sea water) used to set cover and concrete quality |
| Fe215, Fe235, Fe400, Fe500 | Grades of NC 236: smooth bars (Fe215, Fe235) and ribbed high-bond bars (Fe400, Fe500); the number indicates the yield strength in MPa |
| FOB | Free on board: the value of goods loaded on the ship at the port of export |
| fR | Relative rib area: projected area of ribs per unit length divided by the bar’s circumference; Eurocode 2’s measure of bond geometry |
| Heat (cast) | One batch of steel melted and refined together, identified by a heat number |
| Homologation (of prices) | Official approval of producer prices by the Ministry of Commerce |
| ISO/IEC 17025, 17065 | International standards for the competence of testing laboratories (17025) and of product certification bodies (17065) |
| Ladle furnace (LF) | Secondary metallurgy unit in which a heat is refined, alloyed and brought to casting temperature |
| Lap | Overlap of two bars that transfers force from one to the other through the concrete |
| Link (stirrup) | Closed bar enclosing the main bars of a beam or column, resisting shear and confining the concrete |
| Mandrel (former) | Round tool round which a bar is bent; its diameter limits the strain in the bar |
| Mass per metre | Mass of one metre of bar; the reference measure of a bar’s cross-section |
| Microalloying | Adding very small amounts of vanadium, niobium or titanium to strengthen steel without extra carbon |
| Mill test report, inspection certificate | Document from the producer reporting chemical and mechanical results for the steel supplied |
| MINCOMMERCE, MINHDU, MINMIDT | Cameroonian ministries of Commerce; Housing and Urban Development; Mines, Industry and Technological Development |
| NC | Norme camerounaise: a Cameroonian national standard |
| NC 236 | The Cameroonian standard for steel for reinforced concrete (rebar), mandatory since 2022 |
| Overstrength | Actual yield strength well above the specified value; limited by some standards because it changes how structures fail |
| Partial factor | Safety factor applied to a material or a load in limit-state design; 1.15 for reinforcing steel in Eurocode 2 |
| Passivity | Protection of steel in alkaline concrete by a thin, stable oxide film |
| PECAE | Programme d’Évaluation de la Conformité Avant Embarquement: conformity assessment of imports before shipment |
| Proficiency testing | Comparison of a laboratory’s results with those of other laboratories on the same specimens |
| QST, Tempcore | Quenching and self-tempering: in-line water quenching of a hot bar that produces a hard tempered-martensite rim and a ductile core |
| Re (fy), Rm (ft) | Yield strength and tensile strength |
| Re-rolling | Reheating and rolling down scrap steel (rails, plates, old bars) without remelting it |
| Rm/Re (k) | Ratio of tensile to yield strength, a measure of strain hardening and of ductility in structures |
| Rolled-in mark | Pattern of ribs or symbols rolled into a bar to identify the producing mill, grade or country |
| Spacer | Block or chair that holds reinforcement at the specified cover during concreting |
| SPC | Statistical process control: monitoring of process results with control charts to detect drift |
| Spectrometer (OES) | Optical emission spectrometer: instrument that analyses steel chemistry from a spark on a sample |
| Strain ageing | Loss of ductility of steel after deformation, caused mainly by free nitrogen |
| Time of wetness | Time during which a metal surface is likely to be wet, counted in ISO 9223 as time with relative humidity above 80% and temperature above 0 °C |
| Welded mesh (fabric) | Grid of wires or bars welded at their intersections, used as reinforcement |
| Wire rod | Hot-rolled steel in coils, typically 5.5 to 12 mm in diameter, used for drawing into wire |
| Yield strength | Stress at which steel begins to deform permanently |
Source: Cameroon Steel, after the standards and sources cited in the paper.
引用本章
Cameroon Steel（2026）。更安全的建筑需要符合标称牌号的钢筋（中文摘要版）。白皮书10，附录B：术语表。CS-WP-10。https://www.cameroon-steel.com/zh/library/quality-steel/annex-glossary/
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